Secondary metabolite gene clusters arrangement and conservation within the genome of Stemphylium lycopersici codes the pathways for the synthesis of specific and non-specific toxins

Medina, Rocío; Franco, Mario Emilio Ernesto; Lucentini, César Gustavo; Rosso, Janina A.; Saparrat, Mario Carlos Nazareno; Bartel, Laura C.; Balatti, Pedro Alberto

doi:10.1007/s13313-020-00737-1

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Among the secondary metabolites secreted by CIDEFI 216 are phytotoxins as well as compounds like brefeldin A that has antifungal and antiviral activities. In line with this, we found that the genomes of three isolates contained more than 30 clusters of genes involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites (Franco et al, 2015;Medina et al, 2018), including HSTs and non-HSTs as well as compounds that might confer, under certain environmental conditions, advantages for their development and survival (Medina, Franco, Lucentini, et al, 2021). Although the isolates shared many clusters, we also found unique ones.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

“…The genomes of S. lycopersici CIDEFI 212, CIDEFI 213 and CIDEFI 216 were analysed to identify sequences that might explain their described aggressiveness (Franco, Troncozo, et al., 2017; Medina et al., 2019; Medina, Franco, da Cruz Cabral, et al., 2021; Medina, Franco, Lucentini, et al., 2021). The results are presented in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We previously showed that S . lycopersici carries several clusters coding for the synthesis and secretion of a wide array of HSTs and non‐HSTs and other secondary metabolites that might be regulated by the prevailing environmental conditions (Medina, Franco, Lucentini, et al., 2021). The genomes of CIDEFI 212, 213 and 216 carry, respectively, approximately 1082 (11.99%), 1080 (11.89%) and 1058 (11.71%) small proteins with a signal peptide, which suggests that they might be secreted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome analysis of three isolates of Stemphylium lycopersici differ in their virulence and sporulation ability: Identification of effectors, pathogenesis and virulence factors

Medina,

Franco,

Bartel

et al. 2024

Plant Pathology

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Tomato grey leaf spot is a fungal disease that provokes losses in tomato yield. The aim of this work is to analyse genomic differences among three isolates of Stemphylium lycopersici that differ in virulence and sporulation. The bioinformatics analysis led us to predict the identity of putative effectors, pathogenesis and virulence factors. Like the genome of other necrotrophic pathogens, Stemphylium encodes a wide spectrum of effectors, including an ample and diverse array of carbohydrate‐degrading enzymes. Interestingly, the number of predicted effectors was unrelated to virulence. Low virulence appeared to be associated with the presence of several double‐stranded RNAs from viruses as well as cellular processes related to protein degradation, redox and detoxifying processes and monoterpenes production. This is the first identification of the potential effectors of tomato–S. lycopersici interaction; nonetheless functional studies should be done.

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supporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome analysis of three isolates of Stemphylium lycopersici differ in their virulence and sporulation ability: Identification of effectors, pathogenesis and virulence factors

Medina,

Franco,

Bartel

et al. 2024

Plant Pathology

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“…Through a careful molecular, genetic, and metabolic dissection, we show that a polyketide phytotoxin Altersolanol A is largely responsible for pigmentation and essential for pathogenicity of S. lycopersici and its sister species S. vesicarium . Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are core biosynthetic enzymes of polyketide biosynthesis ( 37 ) and several fungal PKS genes are involved in melanin biosynthesis and virulence ( 38 , 39 ). We show that SlAV1 confers hypovirulence by suppressing the biosynthesis of Altersolanol A via down-regulating the core biosynthetic enzyme PKS1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoviral gene integration converts a plant pathogenic fungus into a biocontrol agent

Liu

Wang

Liao

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Mycovirus-infected fungi can suffer from poor growth, attenuated pigmentation, and virulence. However, the molecular mechanisms of how mycoviruses confer these symptoms remain poorly understood. Here, we report a mycovirus Stemphylium lycopersici alternavirus 1 (SlAV1) isolated from a necrotrophic plant pathogen Stemphylium lycopersici that causes altered colony pigmentation and hypovirulence by specifically interfering host biosynthesis of Altersolanol A, a polyketide phytotoxin. SlAV1 significantly down-regulates a fungal polyketide synthase ( PKS1 ), the core enzyme of Altersolanol A biosynthesis. PKS1 deletion mutants do not accumulate Altersolanol A and lose pathogenicity to tomato and lettuce. Transgenic expression of SlAV1 open-reading frame 3 (ORF3) in S. lycopersici inhibits fungal PKS1 expression and Altersolanol A accumulation, leading to symptoms like SlAV1-infected fungal strains. Multiple plant species sprayed with mycelial suspension of S. lycopersici or S. vesicarium strains integrating and expressing ORF3 display enhanced resistance against virulent strains, converting the pathogenic fungi into biocontrol agents. Hence, our study not only proves inhibiting a key enzyme of host phytotoxin biosynthesis as a molecular mechanism underlying SlAV1-mediated hypovirulence of Stemphylium spp., but also demonstrates the potential of mycovirus-gene integrated fungi as a potential biocontrol agent to protect plants from fungal diseases.

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Secondary metabolite gene clusters arrangement and conservation within the genome of Stemphylium lycopersici codes the pathways for the synthesis of specific and non-specific toxins

Cited by 2 publications

References 87 publications

Genome analysis of three isolates of Stemphylium lycopersici differ in their virulence and sporulation ability: Identification of effectors, pathogenesis and virulence factors

Genome analysis of three isolates of Stemphylium lycopersici differ in their virulence and sporulation ability: Identification of effectors, pathogenesis and virulence factors

Mycoviral gene integration converts a plant pathogenic fungus into a biocontrol agent

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