Secondary Metabolites from Polar Organisms

Tian, Yuan; Li, Yanling; Zhao, Fang

doi:10.3390/md15030028

Cited by 97 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…Organisms from special ecosystems such as the Polar Regions (Arctic, Antarctic and their subregions) are a rich source of various chemical scaffolds and novel natural products with promising bioactivities (Tian et al . ). To survive under the constant influence of low temperatures, strong winds, low nutrient and high UV radiation or combinations of these factors, polar organisms require a diverse array of biochemical and physiological adaptations that are essential for survival (Tian et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Activity of Antarctic fungi extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria

Puric

Vieira

Cavalca

et al. 2018

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Micro-organisms from extreme ecosystems, such as the Antarctic ecosystem, need to survive in harsh conditions with low temperatures, low nutrients and high UV radiation. Micro-organisms adapt to these conditions evolving diverse biochemical and physiological adaptations essential for survival. All this makes these micro-organisms a rich source of novel natural products based on unique chemical scaffolds. Discovering novel bioactive compounds is essential because of the rise in antibiotic-resistant micro-organisms and the emergence of new infections. Fungi from Antarctic environments have been proven to produce bioactive secondary metabolites against various micro-organisms, but few studies have shown activity against Xanthomonas phytopathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…To survive under the constant influence of low temperatures, strong winds, low nutrient and high UV radiation or combinations of these factors, polar organisms require a diverse array of biochemical and physiological adaptations that are essential for survival (Tian et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Activity of Antarctic fungi extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria

Puric

Vieira

Cavalca

et al. 2018

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…target the highly conserved ketosynthase (KS) and adenylation (AD) domains of PKS and NRPS genes, respectively. A growing number of studies have employed the PCR-based sequence tag approach to uncover PKS and NRPS gene diversity across different environmental microbiomes [7][8][9].Extreme environments, such as Antarctica, have the potential to reveal novel molecules since they are still a poorly explored source of chemical scaffolds and novel chemical diversity [10,11]. As such, metabarcoding approaches to study PKS and NRPS diversity in Antarctic ecosystems represent a simple and effective strategy to understand the biosynthetic potential of a large number of sampling sites [7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extreme environments, such as Antarctica, have the potential to reveal novel molecules since they are still a poorly explored source of chemical scaffolds and novel chemical diversity [10,11]. As such, metabarcoding approaches to study PKS and NRPS diversity in Antarctic ecosystems represent a simple and effective strategy to understand the biosynthetic potential of a large number of sampling sites [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Diversity of Bacterial Biosynthetic Genes in Maritime Antarctica

et al. 2020

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Bacterial natural products (NPs) are still a major source of new drug leads. Polyketides (PKs) and non-ribosomal peptides (NRP) are two pharmaceutically important families of NPs and recent studies have revealed Antarctica to harbor endemic polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, likely to be involved in the production of novel metabolites. Despite this, the diversity of secondary metabolites genes in Antarctica is still poorly explored. In this study, a computational bioprospection approach was employed to study the diversity and identity of PKS and NRPS genes to one of the most biodiverse areas in maritime Antarctica-Maxwell Bay. Amplicon sequencing of soil samples targeting ketosynthase (KS) and adenylation (AD) domains of PKS and NRPS genes, respectively, revealed abundant and unexplored chemical diversity in this peninsula. About 20% of AD domain sequences were only distantly related to characterized biosynthetic genes. Several PKS and NRPS genes were found to be closely associated to recently described metabolites including those from uncultured and candidate phyla. The combination of new approaches in computational biology and new culture-dependent and -independent strategies is thus critical for the recovery of the potential novel chemistry encoded in Antarctica microorganisms. target the highly conserved ketosynthase (KS) and adenylation (AD) domains of PKS and NRPS genes, respectively. A growing number of studies have employed the PCR-based sequence tag approach to uncover PKS and NRPS gene diversity across different environmental microbiomes [7][8][9].Extreme environments, such as Antarctica, have the potential to reveal novel molecules since they are still a poorly explored source of chemical scaffolds and novel chemical diversity [10,11]. As such, metabarcoding approaches to study PKS and NRPS diversity in Antarctic ecosystems represent a simple and effective strategy to understand the biosynthetic potential of a large number of sampling sites [7]. A couple of such studies have been carried out very recently in Antarctica [12,13] revealing that soils at different Antarctica locations harbor multiple endemic PKS and NRPS genes, likely to be involved in the synthesis of new chemical diversity. In Antarctic soils, the percentage of yet-uncultured genera is expected to be much higher [14] than the 82% described for general soils [15]. A considerable fraction of such uncultured bacteria corresponds to members of the NP-rich Actinobacteria [16,17] and Cyanobacteria [18,19] phyla.King George Island is one of the largest ice-free and biodiverse areas in maritime Antarctica [20]. It harbors a high density of scientific stations, particularly in Maxwell Bay [21], where most of terrestrial biology research takes place. Although bacterial diversity studies have been conducted in this area [22,23], the diversity of bacterial biosynthetic genes has not been a target of study. Here, we perform a detailed study on soil samples from Maxwell Bay, with the main goal of assessing the...

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“…These metabolites have significant importance in various industries such as food, textiles, therapeutics, and so forth [84,85]. Bioactive compounds related to antimicrobial and immunosuppressive activities, for example, have also been isolated from the cold environment microorganisms [86].…”

Section: Bioprospection Of Cold-tolerant Microbes: Versatile and Prommentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Ecology from the Himalayan Cryosphere Perspective

Dhakar

Pandey

2020

Microorganisms

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Cold-adapted microorganisms represent a large fraction of biomass on Earth because of the dominance of low-temperature environments. Extreme cold environments are mainly dependent on microbial activities because this climate restricts higher plants and animals. Himalaya is one of the most important cold environments on Earth as it shares climatic similarities with the polar regions. It includes a wide range of ecosystems, from temperate to extreme cold, distributed along the higher altitudes. These regions are characterized as stressful environments because of the heavy exposure to harmful rays, scarcity of nutrition, and freezing conditions. The microorganisms that colonize these regions are recognized as cold-tolerant (psychrotolerants) or/and cold-loving (psychrophiles) microorganisms. These microorganisms possess several structural and functional adaptations in order to perform normal life processes under the stressful low-temperature environments. Their biological activities maintain the nutrient flux in the environment and contribute to the global biogeochemical cycles. Limited culture-dependent and culture-independent studies have revealed their diversity in community structure and functional potential. Apart from the ecological importance, these microorganisms have been recognized as source of cold-active enzymes and novel bioactive compounds of industrial and biotechnological importance. Being an important part of the cryosphere, Himalaya needs to be explored at different dimensions related to the life of the inhabiting extremophiles. The present review discusses the distinct facts associated with microbial ecology from the Himalayan cryosphere perspective.

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Secondary Metabolites from Polar Organisms

Cited by 97 publications

References 145 publications

Activity of Antarctic fungi extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria

Activity of Antarctic fungi extracts against phytopathogenic bacteria

Diversity of Bacterial Biosynthetic Genes in Maritime Antarctica

Microbial Ecology from the Himalayan Cryosphere Perspective

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