Secondary metabolites from species of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma

Reino, José L.; Guerrero, Raúl F.; Hernández-Galán, Rosario; Collado, Isidro G.

doi:10.1007/s11101-006-9032-2

Cited by 493 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 249 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…Alguns autores mencionam que a ação sinergística atribuída à produção de enzimas e antibióticos, simultaneamente, possa explicar esse sucesso. O principal interesse é naqueles compostos que apresentam atividade antibiótica e que, provavelmente, estão implicados na eficácia do isolado em atuar como agente de biocontrole (22).…”

Section: Metabólitos Não Voláteis Vs Não-voláteis Termoestáveisunclassified

“…Dentre os metabólitos produzidos por Trichoderma spp. citam-se: ácido harziânico, alameticinas, antraquinonas, azafilonas, daucanas, harzialactonas, bisorbicillinoides, butenolides, tricholina, glisopreninas, ácido heptelídico, gliovirina, pironas, tricotecenos, isocianatos, trichosetina, viridina, peptaiboles, entre outros (18,22). Tais metabólitos, cuja produção é atribuída a vários genes, são excretados nas fases de crescimento e esporulação e estão entre os produtos naturais mais importantes utilizados para inibir o crescimento de microrganismos (3,30).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Ação antagônica e de metabólitos bioativos de Trichoderma spp. contra os patógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae

et al. 2014

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RESUMOAdditional keywords: plant pathogens, antagonistic fungus, biological control ABSTRACT method. Most selected isolates had an inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of S. rolfsii and V. dahlia, compared to controls. Except for nonvolatile metabolite production tests, inhibitory action against V. dahliae was highest. Even the thermostable non-volatile metabolites showed inhibitory effect against both tested pathogens, evidencing that the secondary metabolites of the antagonist have a significant effect on these pathogenic species.Os fungos pertencentes ao gênero Trichoderma estão entre os mais estudados e utilizados como agentes de biocontrole de doenças vegetais em todo o mundo. Esses microrganismos de vida livre e altamente interativos no solo, nas superfícies radiculares e no interior dos tecidos vegetais (21) apresentam atividade antagônica contra fungos fitopatogênicos. A atividade de biocontrole pode ocorrer indiretamente, competindo por espaço e nutrientes, modificando as condições ambientais, produzindo antibióticos, inativando as enzimas do patógeno ou, diretamente, mediante o micoparasitismo (5, 12), que envolve eventos sequenciais complexos, incluindo reconhecimento, penetração e subsequente morte do hospedeiro (19).Muitas espécies de Trichoderma são reconhecidamente produtoras de metabólitos secundários, voláteis e não-voláteis, os quais apresentam amplo espectro de ação antimicrobiana. É notável o envolvimento de linhagens dessas espécies fúngicas também na ativação de mecanismos de defesa da planta e na regulação do crescimento vegetal (29), além de atuarem na complexa interação entre microrganismos no ambiente (28). Dentre os metabólitos produzidos por Trichoderma spp. citam-se: ácido harziânico, alameticinas, antraquinonas, azafilonas, daucanas, harzialactonas, bisorbicillinoides, butenolides, tricholina, glisopreninas, ácido heptelídico, gliovirina, pironas, tricotecenos, isocianatos, trichosetina, viridina, peptaiboles, entre outros (18,22). Tais metabólitos, cuja produção é atribuída a vários genes, são excretados nas fases de crescimento e esporulação e estão entre os produtos naturais mais importantes utilizados para inibir o crescimento de microrganismos (3,30).Verticillium dahliae Kleb é um fungo de solo que apresenta ampla distribuição geográfica, sendo capaz de infectar diversas espécies de plantas economicamente importantes como ornamentais, olerícolas e frutíferas (20). Esse patógeno pode induzir sintomas foliares e vasculares com declínio ou morte prematura da planta (11). No Brasil tem sido relatado em tomate, berinjela, jiló, algodão, morango, quiabo

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Section: Metabólitos Não Voláteis Vs Não-voláteis Termoestáveisunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Ação antagônica e de metabólitos bioativos de Trichoderma spp. contra os patógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae

et al. 2014

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“…The emerging regulatory elements that influence the CSSR provide us with good opportunities to manipulate the behaviour of fungi during carbon starvation. Increasing the production of antibiotics and antimycotics is important in the fermentation industry but can also enhance the efficiency of biocontrol agents (Reino et al, 2008). Inhibition of mycotoxin formation is crucial in food and pharmaceutical fermentations or during post-harvest decay of food and animal feed (Edlayne et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome changes initiated by carbon starvation in Aspergillus nidulans

et al. 2013

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Carbon starvation is a common stress for micro-organisms both in nature and in industry. The carbon starvation stress response (CSSR) involves the regulation of several important processes including programmed cell death and reproduction of fungi, secondary metabolite production and extracellular hydrolase formation. To gain insight into the physiological events of CSSR, DNA microarray analyses supplemented with real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) experiments on 99 selected genes were performed. These data demonstrated that carbon starvation induced very complex changes in the transcriptome. Several genes contributing to protein synthesis were upregulated together with genes involved in the unfolded protein stress response. The balance between biosynthesis and degradation moved towards degradation in the case of cell wall, carbohydrate, lipid and nitrogen metabolism, which was accompanied by the production of several hydrolytic enzymes and the induction of macroautophagy. These processes provide the cultures with longterm survival by liberating nutrients through degradation of the cell constituents. The induced synthesis of secondary metabolites, antifungal enzymes and proteins as well as bacterial cell walldegrading enzymes demonstrated that carbon-starving fungi should have marked effects on the micro-organisms in their surroundings. Due to the increased production of extracellular and vacuolar enzymes during carbon starvation, the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum increased considerably.

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“…As antagonists of other fungi, Trichoderma are the most widely used biofungicides (Verma et al, 2007;Lorito et al, 2010). They also produce numerous secondary metabolites, including potential antibiotics and anti-cancer compounds (Reino et al, 2008). Research in the past decade has revealed that Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) in Trichoderma virens reveals a polyketide synthase (PKS)/NRPS hybrid enzyme involved in the induced systemic resistance response in maize

et al. 2012

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Trichoderma virens genome harbours genes encoding 22 non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) with at least one complete module (containing adenylation, thiolation and condensation domains) and four PKS/NRPS (polyketide synthase/NRPS) hybrid enzymes. After a primary screen for expression of these 26 genes when mycelia of T. virens are in contact with maize roots, seven genes that are upregulated were selected for further study. Using homologous recombination, loss-of-function mutants in six of these were obtained (the seventh, tex2, was acquired from our previous studies). Plant assays in a hydroponics system revealed that all seven mutants retained the ability to internally colonize maize roots. However, a mutation in one of the PKS/NRPS hybrid genes impaired the ability of T. virens to induce the defence response gene pal (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), suggesting a putative role for the associated metabolite product in induced systemic resistance. Interestingly, the mutant retained its ability to induce another defence response gene aos (allene oxide synthase). We thus provide evidence that a PKS/NRPS hybrid enzyme is involved in Trichoderma-plant interactions resulting in induction of defence responses.

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Secondary metabolites from species of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma

Cited by 493 publications

References 249 publications

Ação antagônica e de metabólitos bioativos de Trichoderma spp. contra os patógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae

Ação antagônica e de metabólitos bioativos de Trichoderma spp. contra os patógenos Sclerotium rolfsii e Verticillium dahliae

Transcriptome changes initiated by carbon starvation in Aspergillus nidulans

Functional analysis of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) in Trichoderma virens reveals a polyketide synthase (PKS)/NRPS hybrid enzyme involved in the induced systemic resistance response in maize

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