Secondary Metabolites Governing Microbiome Interaction of Staphylococcal Pathogens and Commensals

Salazar, Benjamin O. Torres; Heilbronner, Simon; Peschel, Andreas; Krismer, Bernhard

doi:10.1159/000517082

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…Diversity of RiPPs is mediated by posttranslational modification (PTM) of the precursor core peptide using the leader sequence as the recognition site. The PTM is achieved by decorating and modifying enzymes and usually involves a final cleavage step that releases the end product outside of the cell ( 48 – 52 ). RiPPs have been predicted using bioinformatics from the genomes of bacterial phyla of the GI tract including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Synergistetes, and Proteobacteria ( 23 , 47 ).…”

Section: Ribosomally Synthesized and Posttranslationally Modified Pep...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial metabolites: cause or consequence in gastrointestinal disease?

Fobofou

Savidge

2022

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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Systems biology studies have established that changes in gastrointestinal microbiome composition and function can adversely impact host physiology. Notable diseases synonymously associated with dysbiosis include inflammatory bowel diseases, cancers, metabolic disorders, opportunistic and recurrent pathogen infections. However, there is a scarcity of mechanistic data that advances our understanding of taxonomic correlations with pathophysiologic host-microbiome interactions. Generally, in order to survive a hostile gut environment, microbes are highly metabolically active and produce trans-kingdom signaling molecules to interact with competing microorganisms and the host. These specialized metabolites likely play important homeostatic roles and identifying disease-specific taxa and their effector pathways can provide better strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, as well as the discovery of innovative therapeutics. The signaling role of microbial biotransformation products such as bile acids, short chain fatty acids, polysaccharides and dietary tryptophan is increasingly recognized, but little is known about the identity and function of metabolites that are synthetized by microbial biosynthetic gene clusters. Here we consider how bioactive natural products directly encoded by the human microbiome can contribute to the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal disease, cancer, autoimmune, antimicrobial-resistant bacterial and viral infections (including COVID-19). We also present strategies used to discover these compounds and the biological activities they exhibit, with consideration of therapeutic interventions that could emerge from understanding molecular causation in gut microbiome research.

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Section: Ribosomally Synthesized and Posttranslationally Modified Pep...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial metabolites: cause or consequence in gastrointestinal disease?

Fobofou

Savidge

2022

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…In the colonization state, S. aureus is part of a polymicrobial community that primarily includes other staphylococci, corynebacteria and propionibacteria 12 , 13 . The roles of non-pathogenic commensals and interspecies interactions that influence S. aureus colonization and disease are largely unexplored 14 . However, advances in genomics-enabled microbial community analyses and metabolomics provide an opportunity to delve into these interactions (Supplementary Box 1 and Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus host interactions and adaptation

et al. 2023

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Invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections are common, causing high mortality, compounded by the propensity of the bacterium to develop drug resistance. S. aureus is an excellent case study of the potential for a bacterium to be commensal, colonizing, latent or disease-causing; these states defined by the interplay between S. aureus and host. This interplay is multidimensional and evolving, exemplified by the spread of S. aureus between humans and other animal reservoirs and the lack of success in vaccine development. In this Review, we examine recent advances in understanding the S. aureus –host interactions that lead to infections. We revisit the primary role of neutrophils in controlling infection, summarizing the discovery of new immune evasion molecules and the discovery of new functions ascribed to well-known virulence factors. We explore the intriguing intersection of bacterial and host metabolism, where crosstalk in both directions can influence immune responses and infection outcomes. This Review also assesses the surprising genomic plasticity of S. aureus , its dualism as a multi-mammalian species commensal and opportunistic pathogen and our developing understanding of the roles of other bacteria in shaping S. aureus colonization.

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“…In fact, the population density of commensals is by itself a limiting factor for pathogenic colonization, either indirectly (e.g., by nutritional competition) or directly (e.g., antagonistic substances). Direct antagonism between commensal and pathogenic staphylococci is frequently mediated by secondary metabolites such as low molecular weight bacteriocins, frequently of the lantibiotics type, the equivalent to microcins in intestinal Enterobacterales ( 49 , 50 ). Lantibiotics released from commensal Staphylococcus are synergistic with the human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 in reducing S. aureus populations ( 51 ).…”

Section: Bacterial Death On the Epidermismentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermis as a Platform for Bacterial Transmission

et al. 2021

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The epidermis constitutes a continuous external layer covering the body, offering protection against bacteria, the most abundant living organisms that come into contact with this barrier. The epidermis is heavily colonized by commensal bacterial organisms that help protect against pathogenic bacteria. The highly regulated and dynamic interaction between the epidermis and commensals involves the host’s production of nutritional factors promoting bacterial growth together to chemical and immunological bacterial inhibitors. Signal trafficking ensures the system’s homeostasis; conditions that favor colonization by pathogens frequently foster commensal growth, thereby increasing the bacterial population size and inducing the skin’s antibacterial response, eliminating the pathogens and re-establishing the normal density of commensals. The microecological conditions of the epidermis favors Gram-positive organisms and are unsuitable for long-term Gram-negative colonization. However, the epidermis acts as the most important host-to-host transmission platform for bacteria, including those that colonize human mucous membranes. Bacteria are frequently shared by relatives, partners, and coworkers. The epidermal bacterial transmission platform of healthcare workers and visitors can contaminate hospitalized patients, eventually contributing to cross-infections. Epidermal transmission occurs mostly via the hands and particularly through fingers. The three-dimensional physical structure of the epidermis, particularly the fingertips, which have frictional ridges, multiplies the possibilities for bacterial adhesion and release. Research into the biology of bacterial transmission via the hands is still in its infancy; however, tribology, the science of interacting surfaces in relative motion, including friction, wear and lubrication, will certainly be an important part of it. Experiments on finger-to-finger transmission of microorganisms have shown significant interindividual differences in the ability to transmit microorganisms, presumably due to genetics, age, sex, and the gland density, which determines the physical, chemical, adhesive, nutritional, and immunological status of the epidermal surface. These studies are needed to optimize interventions and strategies for preventing the hand transmission of microorganisms.

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Secondary Metabolites Governing Microbiome Interaction of Staphylococcal Pathogens and Commensals

Cited by 18 publications

References 151 publications

Microbial metabolites: cause or consequence in gastrointestinal disease?

Microbial metabolites: cause or consequence in gastrointestinal disease?

Staphylococcus aureus host interactions and adaptation

Epidermis as a Platform for Bacterial Transmission

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