2020
DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3192
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Secondary metabolites in a neotropical shrub: spatiotemporal allocation and role in fruit defense and dispersal

Abstract: Deciphering the ecological roles of plant secondary metabolites requires integrative studies that assess both the allocation patterns of compounds and their bioactivity in ecological interactions. Secondary metabolites have been primarily studied in leaves, but many are unique to fruits and can have numerous potential roles in interactions with both mutualists (seed dispersers) and antagonists (pathogens and predators). We described 10 alkenylphenol compounds from the plant species Piper sancti-felicis (Pipera… Show more

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Cited by 16 publications
(35 citation statements)
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References 96 publications
(139 reference statements)
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“…While sharing this general infructescence morphology, Piper species vary in growth form, from herbs and vines to shrubs and small trees (Gentry, 1990;Dyer and Palmer, 2004), as well as in shade tolerance, fruit size, seed number, and reproductive phenology (Greig, 1993a,b). Fruit antagonists of Piper include insect seed predators, which have been found to consume up to 87% of seeds (Greig, 1993a), and a largely uncharacterized suite of pathogens, which rapidly attack fruit upon ripening (Thies and Kalko, 2004;Whitehead and Bowers, 2014;Maynard et al, 2020). Leaves of Piper are subject to herbivory from a broad array of arthropods, including a genus of specialist geometrid moths, Eois, estimated to include over 1,000 species in the Neotropics (Brehm et al, 2016), as well as other geometrid moths, coleopterans, and orthopterans (Dyer and Palmer, 2004).…”
Section: Study Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…While sharing this general infructescence morphology, Piper species vary in growth form, from herbs and vines to shrubs and small trees (Gentry, 1990;Dyer and Palmer, 2004), as well as in shade tolerance, fruit size, seed number, and reproductive phenology (Greig, 1993a,b). Fruit antagonists of Piper include insect seed predators, which have been found to consume up to 87% of seeds (Greig, 1993a), and a largely uncharacterized suite of pathogens, which rapidly attack fruit upon ripening (Thies and Kalko, 2004;Whitehead and Bowers, 2014;Maynard et al, 2020). Leaves of Piper are subject to herbivory from a broad array of arthropods, including a genus of specialist geometrid moths, Eois, estimated to include over 1,000 species in the Neotropics (Brehm et al, 2016), as well as other geometrid moths, coleopterans, and orthopterans (Dyer and Palmer, 2004).…”
Section: Study Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Secondary metabolites endemic to fruits, and with demonstrated functional significance in seed dispersal and/or fruit defense, have been shown in several systems, including iridoid glycosides in honeysuckles (Whitehead and Bowers, 2013a,b), capsaicinoids in Capsicum (Suzuki and Iwai, 1984;Tewksbury and Nabhan, 2001;Tewksbury et al, 2008), and amides and alkenylphenols in Piper (Whitehead et al, 2013(Whitehead et al, , 2016Whitehead and Bowers, 2014;Maynard et al, 2020). For capsaicinoids in Capsicum and alkenylphenols in Piper, the entire class of compounds is synthesized only in the fruits (Suzuki and Iwai, 1984;Maynard et al, 2020). Overall, these studies suggest that unique and potentially contrasting selective pressures on fruits may be an important factor shaping phytochemical diversification in plants.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fruits of Neotropical Piper are borne on distinct spike-shaped infructescences that are dispersed primarily by bats of the genus Carollia (Phyllostomidae). Fruit antagonists of Piper include insect seed predators, which have been found to consume up to 87% of seeds (Greig, 1993), and a largely uncharacterized suite of pathogens, which rapidly attack fruit upon ripening (Thies & Kalko, 2004;Whitehead & Bowers, 2014;Maynard et al, 2020). Leaves of Piper are subject to herbivory from a broad array of arthropods, including a genus of specialist geometrid moths, Eois, estimated to include over 1,000 species in the Neotropics (Brehm et al, 2016), as well as other geometrid moths, coleopterans, and orthopterans (Dyer & Palmer, 2004).…”
Section: Study Systemmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ripe fruits were distinguished by a distinct softening and swelling of the fruit along an infructescence combined with a partial senescence of the infructescence from the branch (presumably to allow bats to easily remove the entire infructescence in flight). In most Piper species included in this study, one or a few infructescences ripen per day per plant during the fruiting period, and the vast majority of these are removed on the same night of ripening by bats (Thies & Kalko, 2004;Maynard et al, 2020). Those that are not removed rapidly decompose; therefore, we always took care to collect freshly-ripened infructescences.…”
Section: Field Collectionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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