Secondary metabolites isolated from Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. lichen and their biological activity

Łaska, Grażyna; Kiercul, Sylwia; Piotrowska‐Niczyporuk, Alicja; Jacob, Melissa R.; Pasco, David S.

doi:10.1055/s-0036-1596402

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“…Secondary lichen metabolites primarily produced by mycobionts, such as the anthraquinone parietin (also termed physcion), parietinic acid, emodin, fallacinal or teloschistin produced by X. parietina, receive increasing attention due to their potential medicinal properties (Boustie and Grube 2005;Basile et al 2015;Łaska et al 2016). However, the use of mycobiont cultures for producing metabolites of interest is often compromised by the slow growth of isolated mycobionts as well as their requirement of being co-cultured with their compatible photobionts, without which they do not produce the same set of secondary metabolites and often only low amounts thereof (Leuckert et al 1990;Elshobary et al 2016;Calcott et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced culturing techniques for the mycobiont isolated from the lichen Xanthoria parietina

et al. 2021

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Lichens and their isolated symbionts are potentially valuable resources for biotechnological approaches. Especially mycobiont cultures that produce secondary lichen products are receiving increasing attention, but lichen mycobionts are notoriously slow-growing organisms. Sufficient biomass production often represents a limiting factor for scientific and biotechnological investigations, requiring improvement of existing culturing techniques as well as methods for non-invasive assessment of growth. Here, the effects of pH and the supplement of growth media with either D-glucose or three different sugar alcohols that commonly occur in lichens, D-arabitol, D-mannitol and ribitol, on the growth of the axenically cultured mycobiont isolated from the lichen Xanthoria parietina were tested. Either D-glucose or different sugar alcohols were offered to the fungus at different concentrations, and cumulative growth and growth rates were assessed using two-dimensional image analysis over a period of 8 weeks. The mycobiont grew at a pH range from 4.0 to 7.0, whereas no growth was observed at higher pH values. Varying the carbon source in Lilly-Barnett medium (LBM) by replacing 1% D-glucose used in the originally described LBM by either 1%, 2% or 3% of D-mannitol, or 3% of D-glucose increased fungal biomass production by up to 26%, with an exponential growth phase between 2 and 6 weeks after inoculation. In summary, we present protocols for enhanced culture conditions and non-invasive assessment of growth of axenically cultured lichen mycobionts using image analysis, which may be useful for scientific and biotechnological approaches requiring cultured lichen mycobionts.

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