“…Numerous studies (e.g. Bain, 2004;Cavanaugh et al, 2007;Cuban, 2001;Cuban, Kirkpatrick, & Peck, 2001;Fleischer, 2012;Ross & Strahl, 2005;Shapely, Sheehan, Maloney, & Caranikas-Walker, 2010;Windschitl & Sahl, 2002;Zhao, Pugh, Sheldon, & Byers, 2002) investigating technology in schools have shown low usage of technology by both students and teachers. In one-to-one technology-learning environments, it should be expected that teachers and students are using technology to teach and learn; yet this has not been the case in many studies on computer usage.…”