Secondary sexual development of Cape Coloured boys following kwashiorkor

Cameron, Noël; Mitchell, Jeanette; Meyer, Denny; Moodie, A. D.; Bowie, M. D.; Mann, Michael D.; Hansen, Jo‐Ida C.

doi:10.1080/03014469000000982

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(33 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…6,7 Information on environmental factors including previous nutrition, body fat or size, and race are important in studies of puberty timing. Early severe protein-energy malnutrition presenting as marasmus (severe wasting and growth retardation as a result of insufficient intake) but not kwashiorkor (edematous protein-deficiency malnutrition) delays timing of puberty, at least in girls, [48][49][50] and chronic malnutrition during childhood through to puberty retards pubertal development in boys and girls. 51 Among chronically undernourished children, age at menarche was delayed by ϳ2 years among the girls and sexual maturity measures were delayed by ϳ3 years in boys.…”

Section: Issues In Secular Trend Analysis For Pubertal Timing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of US Puberty-Timing Data from 1940 to 1994 for Secular Trends: Panel Findings

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Whether children, especially girls, are entering and progressing through puberty earlier today than in the mid-1900s has been debated. Secular trend analysis, based on available data, is limited by data comparability among studies in different populations, in different periods of time, and using different methods. As a result, conclusions from data comparisons have not been consistent. An expert panel was asked to evaluate the weight of evidence for whether the data, collected from 1940 to 1994, are sufficient to suggest or establish a secular trend in the timing of puberty markers in US boys or girls. A majority of the panelists agreed that data are sufficient to suggest a trend toward an earlier breast development onset and menarche in girls but not for other female pubertal markers. A minority of panelists concluded that the current data on girls' puberty timing for any marker are insufficient. Almost all panelists concluded, on the basis of few studies and reliability issues of some male puberty markers, that current data for boys are insufficient to evaluate secular trends in male pubertal development. The panel agreed that altered puberty timing should be considered an adverse effect, although the magnitude of change considered adverse was not assessed. The panel recommended (1) additional analyses of existing puberty-timing data to examine secular trends and trends in the temporal sequence of pubertal events; (2) the development of biomarkers for pubertal timing and methods to discriminate fat versus breast tissue, and (3) establishment of cohorts to examine pubertal markers longitudinally within the same individuals.

show abstract

Section: Issues In Secular Trend Analysis For Pubertal Timing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of US Puberty-Timing Data from 1940 to 1994 for Secular Trends: Panel Findings

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kwashiorkor at ages between 5 and 52 months in Cape Coloureds of South Africa was not associated with any significant differences in physical growth or age of entry into any of the stages of puberty in the survivors compared with sibling controls (Cameron et al 1986(Cameron et al , 1990. Compared with British girls, there were significant delays in the development of pubic hair and menarche but not in breast development or PHV.…”

Section: Maturationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Long-term physiological and economic consequences of growth retardation in children and adolescents

Norgan

2000

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The application of a lifespan perspective in human biology in recent years has shown that a number of early environmental factors influencing human growth and development have long-term biological or psycho-social consequences. Human growth is characterized by prolonged infancy, an extended childhood phase and high rates of growth during the adolescent growth spurt. It is unlikely that these characteristics would have evolved without having advantages, and curtailments have the potential for disadvantage. The present paper examines the evidence for long-term physiological and economic consequences of growth retardation in children and adolescents. The emphasis is the biological and economic imperatives of survival, subsistence, reproduction and production rather than aspects of metabolic competence. Many of the consequences of growth retardation are determined by the direct effect on body size, but many other consequences arise from the conditions that cause the growth retardation. Catch up of retarded growth can occur, but does not usually do so because of the continued presence of the retarding agents. Basal metabolism and physical work capacity are usually commensurate with the size of the individual; mechanical efficiency of physical work is unchanged, but falls in activity levels may occur along with a reduction in the pace of activity. Growth retardation in childhood is associated with a higher disease and mortality risk in adulthood, with decreased productivity and employment and promotion prospects. Studies are showing that relative deprivation and the accumulation of socially patterned exposures are important in some societies. Height and growth retardation have proved invaluable in reflecting these factors, but the next generation of studies may require more discriminating indices.

show abstract

The monitoring of growth and nutritional status in South Africa

Cameron

1992

American J Hum Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Analyses of the economic, political, demographic, and health indicators of South Africa place it within the context of the developing nations of the world. In particular current urbanization and population growth rates will lead to an increase of the Black urban population from 6.5 million in 1985 to over 20 million by the year 2000. Such dramatic social change will place major stress on the health of urban children. Few studies are available, however, that may be used to monitor the growth, and by implication the health, of rural children and thereby act as a baseline for the investigation of the effects of the urban environment. Research since 1985 on the growth and nutritional status of children has concentrated on longitudinal studies of rural children to form a basis for comparison to their urban counterparts. The results of these rural studies demonstrate growth patterns characteristic of children living in developing countries with some degree of variation, particularly with regard to weight and subcutaneous fat, between different rural groups. Rural children have a superior growth status in comparison to "average" urban children but are inferior to "well-off" urban children. The urban environment thus favors those children with adequate socioeconomic support but may be disadvantageous to children from "average" backgrounds. Interpretation of the effects of the rural environment will be greatly enhanced with information relating to nutritional intake and morbidity.

show abstract

Secondary sexual development of Cape Coloured boys following kwashiorkor

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Examination of US Puberty-Timing Data from 1940 to 1994 for Secular Trends: Panel Findings

Examination of US Puberty-Timing Data from 1940 to 1994 for Secular Trends: Panel Findings

Long-term physiological and economic consequences of growth retardation in children and adolescents

The monitoring of growth and nutritional status in South Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About