Secondary trauma symptoms in clinicians: A critical review of the construct, specificity, and implications for trauma-focused treatment

Elwood, Lisa S.; Mott, Juliette M.; Lohr, Jeffrey M.; Galovski, Tara E.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.09.004

Cited by 177 publications

(204 citation statements)

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“…However, from the available empirical research among mental health professionals, constructs of STS and VT are contentious since evidence to support them is limited and has been referred to as ambiguous and inconsistent (Sabin-Farrell & Turpin, 2003) 2 , mixed (Bride, 2004) and the existence of secondary traumatization phenomena has been questioned (Devilly et al, 2009;Kadambi & Ennis, 2004). In their comprehensive review, Sabin-Farrell and 1 This review will use the term STS 2 In a recent review by Elwood, Mott, Lohr and Galovski (2011) similar conclusions were drawn. The present review was conducted before their review was published.…”

Section: Doebbeling (2009)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Bride et al, 2004;Elwood et al, 2011;Jenkins & Baird, 2002;Kadambi & Trustcott, 2004;Sabin-Farrell & Turpin, 2003). Scores on the IES have been found to highly correlate with burnout measures (Kadambi & Trustcott, 2004).…”

Section: Measurement Of Stsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a lack of conceptual clarity and agreement in the use of these terms. Researchers and reviewers indicate much confusion over them as they overlap and are often used interchangeably in literature (Chouliara, Hutchison & Karatzias, 2009;Devilly, Wright & Varker, 2009;Elwood, Mott, Lohr & Galovski, 2011;Najjar, Davis, Beck-Coon & Doebbeling, 2009;Sabin-Farrell & Turpin, 2003;Versola-Russo, 2005). This adds difficulty in understanding the literature; a view consistent with Najjar, Davis, Beck-Coon and…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indirect exposure to client trauma and the impact on trainee clinical psychologists: Secondary traumatic stress or vicarious traumatization?

Makadia

Sabin‐Farrell

Turpin

2017

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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The results, discussions, and conclusions presented herein are identical to those in the printed version. This electronic version of the thesis has been edited solely to ensure conformance with copyright legislation and all excisions are noted in the text. The final awarded and examined version is available for consultation via the University Library.ii Declaration This work has not been submitted for any other degree or to any other institution.iii Structure and word counts Literature Review 8000References 1582 Total 9582 Section 2 Research Report 11955References 1839 Total 13794 Appendices 3334 Total word count (excluding references and appendices) 19955 Total word count (including references and appendices) 26710 iv Thesis AbstractThis thesis consists of a literature review and research report Section 1: Literature ReviewConstructs of secondary traumatic stress (STS) and vicarious traumatization (VT) have been proposed to describe the negative impact of working with traumatized clients. In previous reviews of the literature, evidence to support these constructs has been limited and inconsistent; consequently their validity has been questioned. This review seeks to reassess the evidence from recent empirical findings. The review concluded that evidence to support the constructs remains limited, but tentatively there is greater evidence to support STS in contrast to VT. Section 2: Research ReportThis study investigates the extent of exposure to trauma work among trainee clinical psychologists and its impact on well-being. The study seeks to assess which theoretical model (STS, VT, or even a non-specific model of general psychological distress) best accounts for any negative effects associated with indirect exposure to client trauma. 564 trainees participated in an online survey, which included self-report measures of general psychological distress, trauma symptoms and disrupted beliefs. Most trainees had caseloads of 1-2 trauma cases, with the most common trauma being sexual abuse.Exposure to trauma work was not related to general psychological distress or disrupted beliefs, but was a significant predictor of trauma symptoms. Level of stress of clinical work and quality of trauma training contributed to the variance in trauma symptoms. It is concluded that the study provides support for STS and lacks evidence to support VT or a non-specific model of general psychological distress.v

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Section: Doebbeling (2009)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Measurement Of Stsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Indirect exposure to client trauma and the impact on trainee clinical psychologists: Secondary traumatic stress or vicarious traumatization?

Makadia

Sabin‐Farrell

Turpin

2017

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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“…In the training of counselors to use expressive arts therapy with this population, the organization First Aid Arts (2014) found that many of the facilitators were able to use the projects as a form of self-care, ultimately avoiding secondary trauma, a serious issue among counselors in this population (Elwood, Mott, Lohr, & Galovski, 2011).…”

Section: Figure 5 Other Sexual Violence Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Arts in Trauma Intervention

Zuch

2015

VURJ

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With many people throughout the world struggling with traumatic experiences often leading to to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), different ways of treating those symptoms have emerged. Expressive arts therapy is the method of utilizing different modalities of art to address specific issues. By framing PTSD and the role of the arts through Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs," relevant research literature is discussed on the compatibility of the two beyond the level of self-actualization. By looking at three populations with high PTSD rates -refugees, victims of sexual violence, and incarcerated individuals -different art interventions are discussed along with their effectiveness. The literature review found that using the arts is effective among PTSD populations, especially as an enhancer of regular therapy. Several recommendations for further research are given, including the creation of a suitable measurement tool that effectively captures both the quantitative results with qualitative results in addition to ensuring culturally competent therapies.

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“…Evidence-based psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as prolonged exposure (PE) therapy and cognitive processing therapy (CPT), involve the detailed retelling of traumatic events, which expose psychotherapists to potentially distressing narratives [8]. Research suggests that providing psychotherapy to trauma victims may produce PTSD-like symptoms and cognitive changes in psychotherapists themselves [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vicarious Trauma in Mental Health Professionals Following the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks

Quitangon¹,

Cyr²,

Nelson³

et al. 2016

J Ment Disord Treat

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Secondary trauma symptoms in clinicians: A critical review of the construct, specificity, and implications for trauma-focused treatment

Cited by 177 publications

References 50 publications

Indirect exposure to client trauma and the impact on trainee clinical psychologists: Secondary traumatic stress or vicarious traumatization?

Indirect exposure to client trauma and the impact on trainee clinical psychologists: Secondary traumatic stress or vicarious traumatization?

The Effectiveness of Arts in Trauma Intervention

Vicarious Trauma in Mental Health Professionals Following the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks

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