Secret key sharing using entanglement swapping and remote preparation of quantum state

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper we propose a new algorithm for secret key sharing by utilizing quantum entanglement swapping and remote preparation of quantum state. This algorithm is used when two parties do not share an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair but one wishes to transmit a secret key to the other. In order to successfully accomplish this process, a third party who shares an EPR pair with both parties will help them build a new EPR pair. The new EPR pair will be used between the sender and the receiver to remotely prepare a quantum state. This process will provide a secure way to share secret keys between the two parties who do not share EPR pairs. Furthermore, the process doesn't require sending any physical quantum state, instead the sender prepares a known state and sends only one classical bit to the receiver to help build an intended quantum state.

An Efficient Multiparty Quantum-State Sharing Scheme

“…. ), then the effect of the unitary operation 𝑈 𝐸 performed on the decoy particle are shown as follows: Some existing schemes use the teleportation [15−18] or remote state preparation [19] to realize the sharing of quantum state. In the schemes of Refs.…”

“…In the scheme of Ref. [19], the remote state preparation is used to share the quantum state. The dealer and a participant share an EPR pair.…”

“…Our scheme and the scheme in Ref. [19] do not need the entanglement measurement. Our scheme performs the operations of quantum-controlled-not and Hadamard gate, and the scheme in Ref.…”

“…Our scheme performs the operations of quantum-controlled-not and Hadamard gate, and the scheme in Ref. [19] performs the single-particle measurement in a specific basis. These two schemes will be more efficient within the present technology.…”

“…Zhang et al [18] shared the quantum state by performing the BELL-basis measurements on different EPR pairs. Alshowkan et al [19] used the remote state preparation to share the specific quantum state.…”