Secretion of Cell Wall Material in Higher Plants

Willison, J. H. M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-68234-6_21

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 170 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results clearly demonstrate that the material under study contains suberin. The demonstration by electron microscopy of the production of material having the appearance of suberized lamellae (15) in the preparations analyzed further strenghens this conclusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…After making the mlw2 some of the protoplasts secrete a second envelope of the pectocellulosic type (13,16). Willison (15) has suggested that the mlw might consist of cutin/suberin type polymeric lipid material, on the basis of its appearance and its insolubility in strong acids. It has been shown that wound healing generally involves deposition of suberin rather than cutin (3) (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Suberin Production by Isolated Tomato Fruit Protoplasts

Rao¹,

Willison²,

Ratnayake³

1984

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The multilamellar wall secreted by protoplasts isolated from locule tissue of tomato (Lycopersico scuklntum L.) fruit was purified, nd an extract was obtained after depolymerization with BF3-methanol. Analysis of this extract using thin layer chromatography demonstrated the presence of fatty acid methyl esters, fatty alcohols, dicarboxylic add dimethyl esters, and w-hydroxy acid methyl esters. These components were quantified using an Iatroscan thin layer chromatography-flame ionization detection system. The different chain lengths in each group were identified and quantified using gas chromatography. The results clearly indicated the presence of suberin.Plant protoplasts are valuable experimental systems for the study of cell-wall secretion (see reviews: 14, 17): they permit the examination ofthe process from a unique wall-less starting point; they eliminate cellular interactions which complicate tissue experimental systems; and the lack of wall around the initial isolated protoplast makes it feasible to attempt to distinguish the interrelated processes of the biosynthesis, the secretion and the assembly of individual cell wall components.Fruit locule tissue protoplasts of tomato synthesize two types of envelope within 24 h of culture; some of these protoplasts make a wall having a pectocellulosic appearance, others make a wall which appears multilamellated in thin sections examined electron microscopically (13). After making the mlw2 some of the protoplasts secrete a second envelope of the pectocellulosic type (13,16 The protoplast band which formed at the top ofthe gradient was collected in glass Petri dishes and suspended in Murashige and Skoog culture medium (12) with 20 ml/l coconut milk. The dishes were sealed with Parafilm and stored in dark at room temperature (20-25°C). In general, the protoplast isolation and the culture procedures followed those of Gamborg and Wetter (4).For electron microscopy, 7-d-old protoplasts were harvested and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer and similarly buffered 2% OSO4. They were embedded in TAAB embedding resin (TAAB Laboratories, Reading, U.K.), and sections were poststained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.Preparations of the mlw material were obtained from protoplasts after 7 d culture, using a well-established procedure for the isolation of suberized lamellae (3). In this procedure, protoplasts were rinsed in distilled H20, ground with pestle and mortar, treated with pectinase and cellulase, then rinsed in water again. Soluble lipids wee extracted from the mlw isolate, and the polymer was depolymerized with BF3-methanol, again using procedures of Dean and Kolattukudy (3). Extracts were prepared from tomato periderm wound callus by the same methods.TLC was performed on Adsorbosil-5 Prekotes (Applied Science Laboratories Inc.) of dimensions 20 x 20 cm, activated at 1 1OC for 30 min. Separation of the lipid fractions was effected in the solvent system: hexane/diethyl ether/acetic acid (85/15/ 1, v/v/v). After spraying with 2', 7'-dich...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suberin Production by Isolated Tomato Fruit Protoplasts

Rao¹,

Willison²,

Ratnayake³

1984

Plant Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Exocytosis of Golgi-synthezised matrix substances is an ubiquitous process during growth of plant cell walls (Morr6 and M ollenhauer 1976;Willison 1981). Unequal exocytosis and deposition of cell-wall material often leads to the formation of irregular wall ingrowths with cytoplasmic tubules left between the individual ingrowths.…”

Section: Intineformation Intine Development In Ledebouria Startsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-wall development in freeze-fixed pollen: Intine formation of Ledebouria socialis (Hyacinthaceae)

Hess

1993

Planta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The structure and development of the inner pectocellulosic pollen wall, the intine, was re-examined using high-pressure freezing with subsequent freeze substitution in Ledebouria socialis Roth, a monocotyledonous angiosperm. The bilayered intine is formed immediately after differentiation of the endexine. Similar to somatic cell walls, intine matrix substances originate from the Golgi apparatus and leave the cytoplasm via exocytosis. Exintine development starts with the apposition of intine matrix substances to the inner polysaccharide layer of the endexine (termed inner endexine), leading to irregular cell-wall ingrowths. Subsequently the inner endexine becomes intensely infiltrated with intine matrix substances; this process is interpreted as transformation of the inner endexine into intine. Along the aperture region, cell-wall matrix substances are unevenly deposited to such an extent that more or less radially oriented tubules filled with cytoplasm remain within the growing exintine. These tubules subsequently become cut off from the microspore cytoplasm by selective membrane fusions, leading to the incorporation of ground cytoplasm and ribosomes into the exintine. Exintine formation is completed prior to the first mitotic division of the pollen grain whereas the endintine is formed as a homogeneous thin layer after mitosis. Both transformation of the inner endexine by infiltration and passive incorporation of cytoplasm and ribosomes into the exintine by membrane fusions are novel features and are only observed in optimally freeze-fixed, freeze-substituted samples; general aspects of ultrastructure preservation in high-pressure-frozen, freeze-substituted plant cells are discussed as well. Modifications of the Golgi apparatus and post-Golgi-apparatus structures during pollen wall development are correlated with increasing and decreasing polysaccharide exocytosis, respectively. These events Abbreviations: ER=endoplasmic reticulum; FS=freeze substitution; HPF=high-pressure freezing; MS=microspore(s); PATAg = periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazine-silver proteinate; PGS=post-Golgi-apparatus structures; UA-Pb=uranyl acetatelead strictly coincide with the formation of morphologically and chemically different pollen wall layers and therefore seem to reflect the different deposition patterns of the predominant cell-wall polysaccharides.

show abstract

Cuticular Membrane Fine Structure of Nicotiana tabacum L. Leaves

ÜGER¹

1996

Annals of Botany

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Secretion of Cell Wall Material in Higher Plants

Cited by 8 publications

References 170 publications

Suberin Production by Isolated Tomato Fruit Protoplasts

Suberin Production by Isolated Tomato Fruit Protoplasts

Cell-wall development in freeze-fixed pollen: Intine formation of Ledebouria socialis (Hyacinthaceae)

Cuticular Membrane Fine Structure of Nicotiana tabacum L. Leaves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About