Secretion of chondroitin sulfate from embryonic epidermal cells in Xenopus laevis.

Nishikawa, Sumio; Sasaki, Fumio

doi:10.1177/41.9.8354877

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The goblet cells in R. granulosa are observed only until stage 41. The cup‐like vesicles are rich in mucous content and contain glycosaminoglycan and chondroitin sulphate (Nishikawa and Sasaki ). These vesicles are modelled in the cell apex by the cytoplasm rich in tonofilaments that provide a relatively rigid structure supported by prominent junctional complexes between neighbouring cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of integument and cutaneous glands in larval, juvenile and adult toads (Rhinella granulosa): a morphological and morphometric study

et al. 2014

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Chammas, S.M., Carneiro, S.M., Ferro, R.S., Antoniazzi, M.M. and Jared, C. 2015. Development of integument and cutaneous glands in larval, juvenile and adult toads (Rhinella granulosa): a morphological and morphometric study. -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 96: 460-477.In this study, the development of integument and cutaneous glands in the toad Rhinella granulosa (Bufonidae) at different larval stages and in postmetamorphic and adult forms was examined. The analyses were conducted using histological, ultrastructural and morphometric methods. The results showed that cellular aggregations of precursor epidermal glands start to appear in stage 31 of (Herpetologica, 16, 1960 and 183) and then proliferate and invade the dermis. After stage 41, granular and mucous glands are very similar to those found in adults. The granular glands are syncytial and are surrounded by a distinct layer of myoepithelial cells. In the region of parotoid macroglands, the granular glands accumulate and their alveoli progressively increase until they reach adult size. An analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed the inner distribution of the syncytial nuclei and the myoepithelial cells. The morphological changes observed in the integument of tadpoles are associated with the gradual adaptation to terrestrial environments by preparing the individual for future chemical defence against predators and micro-organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), or may persist during early larval stages. However, the cilia are gradually lost and so is their characteristic morphology (Nishikawa and Sasaki ; Nokhbatolfoghahai et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of integument and cutaneous glands in larval, juvenile and adult toads (Rhinella granulosa): a morphological and morphometric study

et al. 2014

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“…They are known to secrete a lectin, Xeel, which is proposed to recognise pathogen-associated glycans (Nagata et al, 2003). The glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulphate, has also been identified in the goblet cells but its function is not clear (Nishikawa and Sasaki, 1993). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A secretory cell type develops alongside multiciliated cells, ionocytes and goblet cells, and provides a protective, anti-infective function in the frog embryonic mucociliary epidermis

et al. 2014

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The larval epidermis of Xenopus is a bilayered epithelium, which is an excellent model system for the study of the development and function of mucosal and mucociliary epithelia. Goblet cells develop in the outer layer while multiciliated cells and ionocytes sequentially intercalate from the inner to the outer layer. Here, we identify and characterise a fourth cell type, the small secretory cell (SSC). We show that the development of these cells is controlled by the transcription factor Foxa1 and that they intercalate into the outer layer of the epidermis relatively late, at the same time as embryonic hatching. Ultrastructural and molecular characterisation shows that these cells have an abundance of large apical secretory vesicles, which contain highly glycosylated material, positive for binding of the lectin, peanut agglutinin, and an antibody to the carbohydrate epitope, HNK-1. By specifically depleting SSCs, we show that these cells are crucial for protecting the embryo against bacterial infection. Mass spectrometry studies show that SSCs secrete a glycoprotein similar to Otogelin, which may form the structural component of a mucus-like protective layer, over the surface of the embryo, and several potential antimicrobial substances. Our study completes the characterisation of all the epidermal cell types in the early tadpole epidermis and reinforces the suitability of this system for the in vivo study of complex epithelia, including investigation of innate immune defences.

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“…CS-56 was applied for 30 min at room temperature. In order to confirm that CS-56-positive materials were chondroitin sulfate, sections were treated with 0.1 U/ml protease free chondroitinase ABC (Seikagaku Corp.), which digests chondroitin sulfate chains specifically, for 3 hr at 37∞C in a moist chamber (Nishikawa and Sasaki, 1993). Secondary antibodies were used for 1 hr at room temperature.…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Heterochronic Differences in Neural Crest Cell Migration and Sclerotomal Development in Evolution of the Trunk Body Organization from Agnathans to Gnathostomes

Hirata

Tsuneki

1998

Zoological Science

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Secretion of chondroitin sulfate from embryonic epidermal cells in Xenopus laevis.

Abstract: We examined proteoglycans (PGS) in amphibian epidermal

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Development of integument and cutaneous glands in larval, juvenile and adult toads (Rhinella granulosa): a morphological and morphometric study

Development of integument and cutaneous glands in larval, juvenile and adult toads (Rhinella granulosa): a morphological and morphometric study

A secretory cell type develops alongside multiciliated cells, ionocytes and goblet cells, and provides a protective, anti-infective function in the frog embryonic mucociliary epidermis

Significance of Heterochronic Differences in Neural Crest Cell Migration and Sclerotomal Development in Evolution of the Trunk Body Organization from Agnathans to Gnathostomes

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