Secretions of Human Salivary Gland

Punj, Anahita

doi:10.5772/intechopen.75538

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As it reaches the intercalated ducts, isotonic saliva secreted by the acini is mixed with lysozymes and lactoferrin produced by the intercalated duct cells. In the striated ducts, reabsorption of chloride and sodium takes place concomitantly with kallikrein and epidermal growth factor release and since these ducts are impermeable to water, the final outcome is a hypotonic state of saliva ready to be released into the oral cavity through the excretory ducts (Romanenko et al 2008;Punj 2019;Contreras-Aguilar and Gómez-García 2020). Myoepithelial cells participate in the flow and secretion of saliva by providing contractile support to the acinar cells and the intercalated ducts (Proctor 2016).…”

Section: Salivary Glands Physiology and Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary gland proteins alterations in the diabetic milieu

et al. 2021

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Salivary glands are considered the chief exocrine glands of the mouth and physiologically contribute to the maintenance of the homeostasis of the oral cavity. They consist of the parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands, which come in pairs and are collectively called the major glands, and the minor glands, which are much smaller and are dispersed throughout the buccal cavity. Salivary glands are distinguished by their size, amount of saliva secretion and their location in the oral cavity. Salivary glands pathophysiology has been a subject of interest in various worldwide metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a global health concern, with a pathological imprint involved in vasculature, promotes microvascular and macrovascular complications among which periodontitis ranks sixth. Indeed, DM has also been directly associated with oral health lesions. Specifically, salivary glands in the context of diabetes have been a focal point of study and emphasis in the research field. There is evidence that relates salivary secretion content and diabetes progression. In this review, we present all the reported evidence of the deregulation of specific salivary proteins associated with the progression of diabetes in parallel with changes in salivary gland morphology, cellular architecture, and salivary secretion and composition more generally.

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Section: Salivary Glands Physiology and Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary gland proteins alterations in the diabetic milieu

et al. 2021

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“…Saliva is secreted mainly from three major and several minor salivary glands. Whole mouth saliva (WMS) consists of water, proteins, peptides, electrolytes, minerals, and microorganisms which play an important role in saliva function and maintaining oral homeostasis [7,8]. In addition, saliva aids in lubrication, speech, mastication, digestion of food, taste sensing, wound healing, and overall protection of teeth and the oral cavity [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentially Expressed Salivary Proteins in Dental Caries Patients

Khan

Waheed

Khurshid

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Dental caries is a multifactorial disease mainly caused by cariogenic bacteria commonly found in the oral cavity. Dental caries may cause demineralization of the tooth, cavitation, hypersensitivity, pulp inflammation, and even tooth loss if left untreated. Saliva secreted in the oral cavity can serve as a tool for identification of biomarkers for early detection of diseases. In the present study, differential expression of salivary proteins from 33 dental caries patients was compared with 10 control subjects. The unstimulated saliva was analyzed by 12% SDS-PAGE and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Gelatin and casein zymography was performed to check for protease activity. Also, salivary IgAs from both groups were compared by sandwich ELISA technique. Dental caries patient’s saliva showed decreased caseinolytic and increased gelatinolytic activity probably due to metalloproteases and cathepsins. Mean salivary levels of sIgA were also significantly higher ( p < 0.018 ) in dental caries saliva samples. The 2D electrophoresis profile of both the groups showed regions on gel with visually detectable alterations in protein expression. The present study is among the few initial studies in the locality for identification of protein differences in saliva from dental caries patients and has demonstrated a good potential to identify alterations. However, a large population-based analysis is required to validate these findings to be translated as a tool for indicative applications.

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“…The acini are responsible for the volume and flow of saliva, while the duct cells determine its composition ( de Paula et al, 2017 ). The autonomic nervous system controls the function of both glands: Activation of the sympathetic nervous system triggers the production of protein-rich saliva at a low flow, whereas the parasympathetic nervous system causes the flow of liquids to increase, but results in saliva with lower protein content ( Punj, 2018 ). SIgA is mainly secreted in the stroma of salivary glands by local plasma cells and stocked in the secretory epithelium ( Brandtzaeg, 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Salivary Biomarkers for Stress Assessment in Offshore Saturation Diving: A Pilot Study

et al. 2021

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Health monitoring during offshore saturation diving is complicated due to restricted access to the divers, the desire to keep invasive procedures to a minimum, and limited opportunity for laboratory work onboard dive support vessels (DSV). In this pilot study, we examined whether measuring salivary biomarkrers in samples collected by the divers themselves might be a feasible approach to environmental stress assessment. Nine saturation divers were trained in the passive drool method for saliva collection and proceeded to collect samples at nine time points before, during, and after an offshore commercial saturation diving campaign. Samples collected within the hyperbaric living chambers were decompressed and stored frozen at −20°C onboard the DSV until they were shipped to land for analysis. Passive drool samples were collected without loss and assayed for a selection of salivary biomarkers: secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukins IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, as well as cortisol and alpha-amylase. During the bottom phase of the hyperbaric saturation, SIgA, CRP, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1β increased significantly, whereas IL-6, cortisol and alpha-amylase were unchanged. All markers returned to pre-dive levels after the divers were decompressed back to surface pressure. We conclude that salivary biomarker analysis may be a feasible approach to stress assessment in offshore saturation diving. The results of our pilot test are consonant with an activation of the sympathetic nervous system related to systemic inflammation during hyperbaric and hyperoxic saturation.

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Secretions of Human Salivary Gland

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Salivary gland proteins alterations in the diabetic milieu

Salivary gland proteins alterations in the diabetic milieu

Differentially Expressed Salivary Proteins in Dental Caries Patients

Using Salivary Biomarkers for Stress Assessment in Offshore Saturation Diving: A Pilot Study

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