Secretions of plant-parasitic nematodes: a molecular update

Vanholme, Bartel; Meutter, Jan De; Tytgat, Tom; Montagu, Marc Van; Coomans, A.; Gheysen, Godelieve

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.02.024

Cited by 119 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…It is widely accepted that secretions produced by plant-parasitic nematodes play a role in pathogenesis on plants (27). Our initial examination of known secretion genes from the public databases revealed a total of 70 putative orthologs to previously identified plant-parasitic nematode-secreted proteins (Table S3).…”

Section: Hapla Has Suites Of Genes Acquired From Bacteria Via Horimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla : A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism

Opperman

Bird

Williamson

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

419

396

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We have established Meloidogyne hapla as a tractable model plant-parasitic nematode amenable to forward and reverse genetics, and we present a complete genome sequence. At 54 Mbp, M. hapla represents not only the smallest nematode genome yet completed, but also the smallest metazoan, and defines a platform to elucidate mechanisms of parasitism by what is the largest uncontrolled group of plant pathogens worldwide. The M. hapla genome encodes significantly fewer genes than does the freeliving nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (most notably through a reduction of odorant receptors and other gene families), yet it has acquired horizontally from other kingdoms numerous genes suspected to be involved in adaptations to parasitism. In some cases, amplification and tandem duplication have occurred with genes suspected of being acquired horizontally and involved in parasitism of plants. Although M. hapla and C. elegans diverged >500 million years ago, many developmental and biochemical pathways, including those for dauer formation and RNAi, are conserved. Although overall genome organization is not conserved, there are areas of microsynteny that may suggest a primary biological function in nematodes for those genes in these areas. This sequence and map represent a wealth of biological information on both the nature of nematode parasitism of plants and its evolution.compaction ͉ dauer ͉ development ͉ horizontal gene transfer ͉ gene N ematodes are an abundant and species-rich animal phylum.They share a common body plan on which various adaptations have evolved, enabling Nematoda to occupy essentially all ecological niches, including being parasites of many other organisms (1). Parasitism of plants appears to have arisen independently in three of the major 12 nematode clades (2) and results in annual losses to world agriculture estimated to exceed $US100 billion (3, 4). The majority of damage is caused by sedentary endoparasitic forms in the order Tylenchida, which includes the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp., RKN). RKN have a cosmopolitan distribution and a host range that spans most crops, although individual RKN species exhibit a more restricted host range. Mature female RKN release hundreds of eggs onto the surface of the root that hatch in the soil as second-stage larvae (L2) and typically reinfect the same plant. RKN L2 are similar in function to dauer larvae (5), which were first described as an adaptation to parasitism to overcome adverse environmental conditions and facilitate dispersal (6), but have been best studied in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (7). These larvae are developmentally arrested, motile, nonfeeding, nonaging, and long-lived. Like C. elegans dauers, RKN L2 are detergent-resistant (5), use the glyoxylate pathway (8), and exhibit intestinal morphology with sparse luminal microvilli and numerous lipid storage vesicles that permit long-term survival in the soil. RKN L2 penetrate the root and migrate intercellularly into the vascular cylinder. Migration is accompanied by extensive ...

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Section: Hapla Has Suites Of Genes Acquired From Bacteria Via Horimentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla : A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism

Opperman

Bird

Williamson

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

419

396

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“…Due to a paucity of studies, it is currently not possible to identify general patterns. More detailed analyses of the effectors that the different nematodes excrete may shed more light on how they differentially manipulate their host's defense response (Vanholme et al, 2004;Abad et al, 2008;Haegeman et al, 2012).…”

Section: Systemic Responses To Nematode Infestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in the activation of the ET pathway thus can affect induced responses to aphids. Also after the feeding cell has been established, nematodes keep injecting effectors into the plant (Vanholme et al, 2004), thus maintaining the differences in chemical communication with their hosts.…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Interactive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyst and root-knot nematodes induce different feeding structures: cyst nematodes induce a syncytium, while root-knot nematodes induce the formation of giant cells (Gheysen and Mitchum, 2011). Throughout further development, the nematodes show a continuous cycle of alternate feeding on the cytoplasm and release of stylet secretions (Vanholme et al, 2004). In addition, nematodes manipulate hormonal signaling in their hosts in order to suppress defense responses and establish a sink for nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in Hormonal Signaling Triggered by Two Root-Feeding Nematode Species Result in Contrasting Effects on Aphid Population Growth

et al. 2018

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Belowground feeding herbivores can affect their aboveground counterparts via systemic induced responses. Hormonal signaling pathways, such as the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways, play a pivotal role in shaping such aboveground-belowground herbivore interactions. In this study, we analyzed the effects of two root-feeding nematode species, the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii, and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla, on the preference and performance of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae. The two sedentary nematodes differ in their feeding strategies and in which plant responses they trigger. We tested the hypothesis that differences in aphid preference and performance are governed by differences in systemic defense signaling triggered by the nematodes. When allowed to choose, aphids showed a lower preference for black mustard (Brassica nigra) plants infested with H. schachtii compared to uninfested plants. On these plants their population increase was reduced as well. Gene expression analyses revealed that aphid infestation on H. schachtii-infested plants strongly induced PR1, a marker gene for the SA-pathway. The expression of the JA marker genes VSP2 and MYC2 was repressed. On the other hand, M. hapla infestation increased aphid preference and population growth compared to those on control plants. Aphid feeding upregulated the expression of VSP2 and MYC2, whereas PR1 expression was not induced. Interestingly, aphid infestation on plants without nematodes did not activate any of the signaling pathways. This suggests that H. schachtii infestation systemically enhanced aphid induced-resistance via the SA pathway. In contrast, M. hapla infestation enhanced JA-pathway regulated responses. This may reduce SA-induced resistance to aphid infestation via negative JA-SA cross-talk. Based on our results, we conclude that the differences in the interactions of aphids with cyst and root-knot nematodes emerge from differences in the plant responses triggered by both nematodes. Our results show that aboveground herbivore performance on plants infested with different nematode species may be strongly associated with nematode feeding strategies.

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“…Según De Almeida et al (1999), las células son estimuladas a producir diversos ciclos de mitosis sin citoquinesis, lo que da lugar a la formación de células gigantes multinucleadas. Su expansión se produce por un crecimiento isotrópico y su tamaño final suele estar alrededor de 400 veces el de una célula vascular normal (Vanholme et al 2004). Caillaud et al (2008) indican que la infección inducida por Meloidogyne spp.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Reacción de genotipos de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) a Meloidogyne spp. en condiciones de campo

González

2017

Corpoica Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecuaria

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El ensayo se estableció en un lote naturalmente infestado por el nematodo, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y nueve plantas por cada unidad experimental. Las variables de respuesta fueron incidencia, severidad y rendimiento. La incidencia fue superior al 80 % en todos los casos, pero la severidad varió debido a su condición genética. BR03 y BR01 fueron los genotipos con índices de severidad más bajos, con valores de 1,0 y 0,8 respectivamente. El análisis de varianza de rendimiento mostró diferencias significativas y evidenció que los genotipos SQBR01 y SQLF04 alcanzaron los valores más altos con 4,77 y 4,74 t/ha en tres pases de cosecha.Palabras clave: genotipos, organismos patógenos, resistencia a las enfermedades, Solanum quitoense [295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302][303][304][305][306]

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Secretions of plant-parasitic nematodes: a molecular update

Cited by 119 publications

References 147 publications

Sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla : A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism

Sequence and genetic map of Meloidogyne hapla : A compact nematode genome for plant parasitism

Differences in Hormonal Signaling Triggered by Two Root-Feeding Nematode Species Result in Contrasting Effects on Aphid Population Growth

Reacción de genotipos de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) a Meloidogyne spp. en condiciones de campo

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