Secretogranin II: Relative Amounts and Processing to Secretoneurin in Various Rat Tissues

Leitner, Bernd; Fischer‐Colbrie, Reiner; Scherzer, Gerhard; Winkler, Hans

doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66031312.x

Cited by 55 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Some of the resultant processing products have sizes similar to those reported for other mammalian SgIIs (9,11,39). Almost all of the SgII precursor protein is processed to generate free SN in normal rat pituitary (18), and gonadotrophs secrete SN-immunoreactive products (Ref. 28 and this study).…”

Section: E292 Secretoneurin Stimulates Lh Release In L␤t2 Gonadotrophssupporting

confidence: 76%

Secretoneurin stimulates the production and release of luteinizing hormone in mouse LβT2 gonadotropin cells

Zhao

McNeilly

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Secretoneurin (SN) is a functional secretogranin II (SgII)-derived peptide that stimulates luteinizing hormone (LH) production and its release in the goldfish. However, the effects of SN on the pituitary of mammalian species and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To study SN in mammals, we adopted the mouse L␤T2 gonadotropin cell line that has characteristics consistent with normal pituitary gonadotrophs. Using radioimmunoassay and real-time RT-PCR, we demonstrated that static treatment with SN induced a significant increment of LH release and production in L␤T2 cells in vitro. We found that GnRH increased cellular SgII mRNA level and total SN-immunoreactive protein release into the culture medium. We also report that SN activated the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) in either 10-min acute stimulation or 3-h chronic treatment. The SN-induced ERK activation was significantly blocked by pharmacological inhibition of MAPK kinase (MEK) with PD-98059 and protein kinase C (PKC) with bisindolylmaleimide. SN also increased the total cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels similarly to GnRH. However, SN did not activate the GnRH receptor. These data indicate that SN activates the protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-induced ERK signaling pathways in the LH-secreting mouse L␤T2 pituitary cell line. secretogranin II; gonadotropin-releasing hormone AS ONE OF THE MAJOR GRANIN PROTEINS, secretogranin II (SgII) was initially characterized in bovine anterior pituitary (31). It is an ϳ600-amino acid, very acidic, tyrosine-sulfated protein located in secretory granules of vertebrate neuroendocrine cells (4,8,22,26). Numerous small potentially bioactive peptides are derived from SgII precursor processing, but only the 33-to 34-amino acid segment, termed secretoneurin (SN), is conserved from fish to mammals (13,48). In human pituitary, SgII immunoreactivity (IR) is localized to gonadotrophs, thyrotrophs, and corticotrophs (39). SgII IR was detected in the secretory granules and colocalized with LH in bovine gonadotroph, indicating the copackaging of granins and gonadotropins to form secretory granules (3). Two types of secretory granules were visualized in rat gonadotrophs: a large-sized moderately electron-dense granule and a small-sized electron-dense granule. The latter granule contained exclusively the immunoreactive signals of SgII and LH (41). In addition to the pituitaries of cow, rat and mouse, SgII was found in the LH-positive granules from female sheep gonadotrophs (6). The above immunocytochemical studies and other work on in vivo LH release (7) reveal an important association of SgII-related products and LH in mammalian gonadotrophs.Nicol et al. (28) utilized radioimmunoassay (RIA) to investigate protein release from the mouse L␤T2 gonadotroph cell line. They observed that pulsatile GnRH treatments resulted in the marked increments of both LH and SgII release together at each time point, suggesting a close correlation between the secretions of these two proteins. Nicol et al. (29) also demo...

show abstract

Section: E292 Secretoneurin Stimulates Lh Release In L␤t2 Gonadotrophssupporting

confidence: 76%

Secretoneurin stimulates the production and release of luteinizing hormone in mouse LβT2 gonadotropin cells

Zhao

McNeilly

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Widely distributed throughout the rat neuroendocrine system, SN-IR is highest in the hypothalamus, whereas lower concentrations were shown in the hippocampus, caudate nucleus, thalamus, and brainstem (38). Free SN peptide was previously separated and identified from rat and human brain extracts (39,40). In goldfish, the SgII precursor (69,600 MU) and intermediately sized peptides (57,000, 30,000, and 20,000 MU) containing SN were previously detected using Western blots of extracts from pituitary and brain (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Secretogranin II-Derived Peptide Secretoneurin Stimulates Luteinizing Hormone Secretion from Gonadotrophs

Zhao

Basak²,

Wong

et al. 2008

Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Secretoneurin (SN) is a 33- to 34-amino acid neuropeptide derived from secretogranin-II, a member of the chromogranin family. We previously synthesized a putative goldfish (gf) SN and demonstrated its ability to stimulate LH release in vivo. However, it was not known whether goldfish actually produced the free SN peptide or whether SN directly stimulates LH release from isolated pituitary cells. Using a combination of reverse-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry analysis, we isolated for the first time a 34-amino acid free gfSN peptide from the whole brain. Moreover, Western blot analysis indicated the existence of this peptide in goldfish pituitary. Immunocytochemical localization studies revealed the presence of SN immunoreactivity in prolactin cells of rostral pars distalis of the anterior pituitary. Additionally, we found that magnocellular cells of the goldfish preoptic region are highly immunoreactive for SN. These neurons send heavily labeled projections that pass through the pituitary stalk and innervate the neurointermediate and anterior lobes. In static 12-h incubation of dispersed pituitary cells, application of SN antiserum reduced LH levels, whereas 1 and 10 nM gfSN, respectively, induced 2.5-fold (P < 0.001) and 1.9-fold (P < 0.01) increments of LH release into the medium, increases similar to those elicited by 100 nM concentrations of GnRH. Like GnRH, gfSN elevated intracellular Ca(2+) in identified gonadotrophs. Whereas we do not yet know the relative contribution of neural SN or pituitary SN to LH release, we propose that SN could act as a neuroendocrine and/or paracrine factor to regulate LH release from the anterior pituitary.

show abstract

“…These genes include tyrosine hydroxylase, proenkephalin, secretogranin II, and adrenomedullin. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The differential expression of H3 histone, family 3B (H3F3B) found in our microarray comparison was not confirmed by our independent sample series due to the fact that the differences noted by QT-PCR were not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Differential Gene Expression in the Adrenals of Normal and Anencephalic Fetuses and Studies Focused on the Fras-1-Related Extracellular Matrix Protein (FREM2) Gene

Mansfield¹,

Carr²,

Faye-Petersen

et al. 2011

Reprod. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Precis: Many genes are differentially expressed in normal compared to anencephalic human fetal adrenals (HFAs), especially the Fras-1-related extracellular matrix protein (FREM2) gene. FREM2 expression appears to be regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Context: The expression profiles of genes responsible for cortical growth and zonation in the HFA gland are poorly characterized. The neural tube disorder anencephaly is associated with fetal adrenal hypoplasia with a large size reduction of the fetal zone of the HFA. Objective: To determine gene expression profile differences in the adrenals of anencephalic compared to normal HFAs to identify genes that may play important roles in adrenal development. Design and Methods: Fresh tissues were obtained at the time of autopsy from normal and anencephalic human fetuses delivered at mid-gestation. The following techniques were used: cell culture, messenger RNA (mRNA) extraction, microarray analysis, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis, quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (QT-PCR). Results: We identified over 40 genes expressed at levels 4-fold or greater in the normal versus anencephalic HFAs and that 28 genes were expressed at increased levels in the anencephalic HFA. The expression of FREM2 at approximately 40-fold greater levels in the normal HFA compared to the HFA of anencephalic fetuses was confirmed by QT-PCR. Expression of FREM2 in the kidney was not significantly different between normal and anencephalic fetuses. In cultured HFA cells, ACTH treatment for 48 hours increased the expression of FREM2 and a gene responsive to ACTH, CYP17, but not tyrosine hydroxylase. Conclusions: Abnormal expression of many genes may be involved in the adrenal hypoplasia seen in anencephaly. FREM2 appears to be regulated by ACTH and is the most differentially expressed gene, which may be important in the development and function of the HFA, particularly the fetal zone of the HFA.

show abstract

Secretogranin II: Relative Amounts and Processing to Secretoneurin in Various Rat Tissues

Cited by 55 publications

References 26 publications

Secretoneurin stimulates the production and release of luteinizing hormone in mouse LβT2 gonadotropin cells

Secretoneurin stimulates the production and release of luteinizing hormone in mouse LβT2 gonadotropin cells

The Secretogranin II-Derived Peptide Secretoneurin Stimulates Luteinizing Hormone Secretion from Gonadotrophs

Differential Gene Expression in the Adrenals of Normal and Anencephalic Fetuses and Studies Focused on the Fras-1-Related Extracellular Matrix Protein (FREM2) Gene

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About