Secretome analysis of Strongyloides venezuelensis parasitic stages reveals that soluble and insoluble proteins are involved in its parasitism

Abstract

BackgroundParasites excrete and secrete a wide range of molecules that act as the primary interface with their hosts and play critical roles in establishing parasitism during different stages of infection. Strongyloides venezuelensis is a gastrointestinal parasite of rats that is widely used as a laboratory model and is known to produce both soluble and insoluble (adhesive) secretions during its parasitic stages. However, little is known about the constituents of these secretions.ResultsUsing mass spectrometry, we identified 436 proteins from the infective third-stage larvae (iL3s) and 196 proteins from the parasitic females of S. venezuelensis. The proteins that were secreted by the iL3s were enriched with peptidase activity, embryo development and the oxidation-reduction process, while those of the parasitic females were associated with glycolysis, DNA binding (histones) and other unknown functions. Trypsin inhibitor-like domain-containing proteins were identified as the main component of the adhesive secretion from parasitic females. An absence of secretion signals in many of the proteins indicated that they are secreted via non-classical secretion pathways.ConclusionsWe found that S. venezuelensis secretes a wide range of proteins to establish parasitism. This includes proteins that have previously been identified as being involved in parasitism in other helminths as well as proteins that are unique to this species. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Strongyloides parasitism.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3266-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Advances in the Molecular and Cellular Biology of Strongyloides spp.

“…The presence of 25 astacin, 14 SCP/TAPs, prolyl endopeptidases, acetylcholinesterase, and transthyretin-like proteins in the ES proteome is consistent with upregulation of their encoding transcripts in the S. ratti and S. stercoralis parasitic females [88••]. A study of the secretome of S. venezuelensis, an obligate gastrointestinal parasite of rats, identified 436 proteins from iL3s and 196 proteins from parasitic females [98]. From those identified proteins, 350 were specific to iL3s and 106 were specific to the parasitic adult females, whereas 86 proteins were common to iL3s and parasitic adult females including proteins that contain astacin and CAP domains [98].…”

“…A study of the secretome of S. venezuelensis, an obligate gastrointestinal parasite of rats, identified 436 proteins from iL3s and 196 proteins from parasitic females [98]. From those identified proteins, 350 were specific to iL3s and 106 were specific to the parasitic adult females, whereas 86 proteins were common to iL3s and parasitic adult females including proteins that contain astacin and CAP domains [98]. Most proteins secreted by S. venezuelensis iL3s are peptidases or are predicted to act in embryonic development and oxidation-reduction processes.…”

“…Most proteins secreted by S. venezuelensis iL3s are peptidases or are predicted to act in embryonic development and oxidation-reduction processes. Most ES proteins from parasitic female S. venezuelensis are associated with glycolysis or DNA binding [98].…”

Análise proteômica dos estágios evolutivos de larva filarioide e fêmea parasita de Strongyloides venezuelensis

“…No contexto do gênero Strongyloides poucos estudos têm sido realizados até o presente. Recentemente, alguns autores utilizaram a análise proteômica para caracterizar as proteínas de S. stercoralis [74][75][76] e de outras espécies como S. ratti 77 e S. venezuelensis 78,79 . Estes estudos têm apontado para diversas proteínas que podem estar relacionadas com a relação parasito-hospedeiro, principalmente na regulação da resposta imune do hospedeiro e ainda apontam algumas que podem ser aplicadas no imunodiagnóstico.…”

“…humana, principalmente da L3 de S. venezuelensis, foi avaliado o conjunto de proteínas neste estágio evolutivo. Recentemente Maeda et al79 , avaliaram o secretoma de L3 e FP de S. venezuelensis e demonstraram proteínas solúveis e insolúveis envolvidas no parasitismo. Considerando a aplicação no diagnóstico proteínas estruturais, como as actina, miosina, etc, embora estejam entre os componentes abundantes no extrato de L3, não podem ser consideradas como bons marcadores de diagnóstico, principalmente pela alta similaridade entre os organismos.…”