Secretory IgA and T cells targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are transferred to the breastmilk upon mRNA vaccination

Gonçalves, Juliana; Juliano, A. Margarida; Charepe, Nádia; Alenquer, Marta; Athayde, Diogo; Ferreira, Filipe; Archer, Margarida; Amorim, Maria João; Serrano, Fátima; Soares, Helena

doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100468

Cited by 32 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…One particularly intriguing question that arises is how intramuscular mRNA vaccination induces weak but detectable sIgA responses in some individuals, and if there is a way to maximize this effect to induce not only protective systemic responses, but also protective mucosal responses. Indeed, in addition to the saliva, others have shown vaccine‐induced IgA in breast milk 93,94 …”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guardians of the oral and nasopharyngeal galaxy: IgA and protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection*

Sheikh-Mohamed

Sanders

Gommerman

et al. 2022

Immunological Reviews

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In early 2020, a global emergency was upon us in the form of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While horrific in its health, social and economic devastation, one silver lining to this crisis has been a rapid mobilization of cross-institute, and even cross-country teams that shared common goals of learning as much as we could as quickly as possible about the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and how the immune system would respond to both the virus and COVID-19 vaccines. Many of these teams were formed by women who quickly realized that the classical model of "publish first at all costs" was maladaptive for the circumstances and needed to be supplanted by a more collaborative solution-focused approach. This review is an example of a collaboration that unfolded in separate countries, first Canada and the United States, and then also Israel. Not only did the collaboration allow us to cross-validate our results using different hands/techniques/ samples, but it also took advantage of different vaccine types and schedules that were rolled out in our respective home countries. The result of this collaboration was a new understanding of how mucosal immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection vs COVID-19 vaccination can be measured using saliva as a biofluid, what types of vaccines are best able to induce (limited) mucosal immunity, and what are potential correlates of protection against breakthrough infection. In this review, we will share what we have learned about the mucosal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and to COVID-19 vaccines and provide a perspective on what may be required for next-generation pansarbecoronavirus vaccine approaches.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guardians of the oral and nasopharyngeal galaxy: IgA and protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection*

Sheikh-Mohamed

Sanders

Gommerman

et al. 2022

Immunological Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to RSV, cows encounter respiratory coronaviruses ( 150 – 152 ). Cows therefore have coronavirus-specific antibodies, which may also be able to bind cross-reactively to SARS-CoV-2, as can IgA against SARS-CoV-2 from breast milk of infected ( 153 ) as well as vaccinated ( 154 ) women.…”

Section: Milk Components Immune Function and Respiratory Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2022

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Respiratory infections place a heavy burden on the health care system, particularly in the winter months. Individuals with a vulnerable immune system, such as very young children and the elderly, and those with an immune deficiency, are at increased risk of contracting a respiratory infection. Most respiratory infections are relatively mild and affect the upper respiratory tract only, but other infections can be more serious. These can lead to pneumonia and be life-threatening in vulnerable groups. Rather than focus entirely on treating the symptoms of infectious disease, optimizing immune responsiveness to the pathogens causing these infections may help steer towards a more favorable outcome. Nutrition may have a role in such prevention through different immune supporting mechanisms. Nutrition contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, with various nutrients acting as energy sources and building blocks during the immune response. Many micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as regulators of molecular responses of immune cells to infection. It is well described that chronic undernutrition as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies impair many aspects of the immune response and make individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, other dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and also animal- and plant-derived bioactive components can further support the immune system. Both the innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to active antiviral respiratory tract immunity. The initial response to viral airway infections is through recognition by the innate immune system of viral components leading to activation of adaptive immune cells in the form of cytotoxic T cells, the production of neutralizing antibodies and the induction of memory T and B cell responses. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of a range different dietary components on anti-infective innate as well as adaptive immune responses and to propose mechanisms by which they may interact with the immune system in the respiratory tract.

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“…These researchers have identified SARS-CoV-2 spikespecific T cells in mRNA vaccinated in lactating women (89). Another study conducted by Goncalves et al involving lactating women who received mRNA vaccination found a combination of spike-reactive T cells and anti-SARS-CoV-2 secreted IgA in their milk, which shows that immune transfer to the infant could linger even after weaning, especially because of long-lived memory T cells transferred (64). Such evidence points to the great importance of maternal vaccination, especially for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as a cellular immunization strategy for the newborn through lactation.…”

Section: Maternal Immune Cells In Human Milk and Cellular Immunity Tr...mentioning

confidence: 97%

Vaccine Protection Through Placenta and Breastfeeding: The Unmet Topic in COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2022

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has turned pregnant women’s healthcare into a worldwide public health challenge. Although initial data did not demonstrate pregnancy as a more susceptible period to severe outcomes of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, there are an increasing number of reports showing that not only pregnant women might be at significantly higher risk than non-pregnant women by COVID-19 but also the fetus. These findings may be related to adaptive changes that occur during pregnancy, such as the reduction in the residual respiratory capacity, the decrease in viral immune responses, and the increased risk for thromboembolic events. Additionally, despite the SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission evidence being uncommon, maternal illness severity might reflect serious perinatal and neonatal outcomes. Thus, protecting the maternal–fetal dyad against COVID-19 is critical. Even though pregnant women initially were excluded from vaccine trials, several studies have provided safety and efficacy of the overall vaccine COVID-19 platforms. Vaccination during pregnancy becomes a priority and can generate benefits for both the mother and newborn: maternal neutralizing antibodies are transmitted through the placenta and breastfeeding. Moreover, regarding passive immunization, human milk contains other bioactive molecules and cells able to modulate the newborn’s immune response, which can be amplified after the vaccine. Nonetheless, many issues remain to be elucidated, considering the magnitude of the protective immunity transferred, the duration of the induced immunity, and the optimal interval for pregnant immunization. In this review, we assessed these unmet topics supported by literature evidence regarding the vaccine’s immunogenicity, pregnancy immune heterogeneity, and the unique human milk antiviral features.

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Secretory IgA and T cells targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are transferred to the breastmilk upon mRNA vaccination

Cited by 32 publications

References 73 publications

Guardians of the oral and nasopharyngeal galaxy: IgA and protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection*

Guardians of the oral and nasopharyngeal galaxy: IgA and protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection*

Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections

Vaccine Protection Through Placenta and Breastfeeding: The Unmet Topic in COVID-19 Pandemic

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