Secretory IgA in Intestinal Mucosal Secretions as an Adaptive Barrier against Microbial Cells

Pietrzak, Bernadeta; Tomela, Katarzyna; Olejnik-Schmidt, Agnieszka; Maćkiewicz, Andrzej; Schmidt, Marcin

doi:10.3390/ijms21239254

Cited by 153 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…B cells play a major role in controlling the intestinal mucosa by producing a large pool of secretory IgA antibodies able to recognize commensal bacteria [ 39 ]. Secretory IgA are produced through both T cell-independent and -dependent mechanisms [ 40 ]. T-independent production of IgA can exclude microorganisms from the gut, while adaptive IgA responses play a major role in shaping the microbial community itself and its mutualistic relationship with the immune system [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Overview On Molecular Mechanisms Of Gut Microbiota–host Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota–Host Interactions in Inborn Errors of Immunity

Castagnoli

Pala

Bosticardo

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of disorders that are mostly caused by genetic mutations affecting immune host defense and immune regulation. Although IEI present with a wide spectrum of clinical features, in about one third of them various degrees of gastrointestinal (GI) involvement have been described and for some IEI the GI manifestations represent the main and peculiar clinical feature. The microbiome plays critical roles in the education and function of the host’s innate and adaptive immune system, and imbalances in microbiota-immunity interactions can contribute to intestinal pathogenesis. Microbial dysbiosis combined to the impairment of immunosurveillance and immune dysfunction in IEI, may favor mucosal permeability and lead to inflammation. Here we review how immune homeostasis between commensals and the host is established in the gut, and how these mechanisms can be disrupted in the context of primary immunodeficiencies. Additionally, we highlight key aspects of the first studies on gut microbiome in patients affected by IEI and discuss how gut microbiome could be harnessed as a therapeutic approach in these diseases.

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Section: Overview On Molecular Mechanisms Of Gut Microbiota–host Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota–Host Interactions in Inborn Errors of Immunity

Castagnoli

Pala

Bosticardo

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Associations with intestinal diseases like celiac disease and ischemia have been demonstrated [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is present in the mucosal surface of the intestine and is involved in keeping gut homeostasis, protects against toxins and pathogens, limits inflammatory reactions, and contributes to the composition of the gut microbiome [ 44 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. Measuring the concentration and composition of sIgA in feces is therefore considered as a suitable parameter to assess the interplay between the immune system and the microbiome at the gut barrier.…”

Section: Gut Permeability and Bacterial Translocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut-Liver Axis in Cholestatic Liver Diseases

Blesl

Stadlbauer

2021

Nutrients

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The gut-liver axis describes the physiological interplay between the gut and the liver and has important implications for the maintenance of health. Disruptions of this equilibrium are an important factor in the evolution and progression of many liver diseases. The composition of the gut microbiome, the gut barrier, bacterial translocation, and bile acid metabolism are the key features of this cycle. Chronic cholestatic liver diseases include primary sclerosing cholangitis, the generic term secondary sclerosing cholangitis implying the disease secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients and primary biliary cirrhosis. Pathophysiology of these diseases is not fully understood but seems to be multifactorial. Knowledge about the alterations of the gut-liver axis influencing the pathogenesis and the outcome of these diseases has considerably increased. Therefore, this review aims to describe the function of the healthy gut-liver axis and to sum up the pathological changes in these cholestatic liver diseases. The review compromises the actual level of knowledge about the gut microbiome (including the mycobiome and the virome), the gut barrier and the consequences of increased gut permeability, the effects of bacterial translocation, and the influence of bile acid composition and pool size in chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Furthermore, therapeutic implications and future scientific objectives are outlined.

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“…In addition, small amounts of IgD are secreted into the mucosal surfaces of oral, nasopharyngeal and lachrymal areas [ 3 ]. Daily production of IgA in humans reaches 40 to 60 mg per kg of bodyweight, which is higher than that of all of the other immunoglobulin isotypes combined [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor in IgA and IgM Transcytosis

Hao

Wang

2021

IJMS

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Transcytosis of polymeric IgA and IgM from the basolateral surface to the apical side of the epithelium and subsequent secretion into mucosal fluids are mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). Secreted IgA and IgM have vital roles in mucosal immunity in response to pathogenic infections. Binding and recognition of polymeric IgA and IgM by pIgR require the joining chain (J chain), a small protein essential in the formation and stabilization of polymeric Ig structures. Recent studies have identified marginal zone B and B1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) as a novel regulator of polymeric IgA and IgM formation. MZB1 might facilitate IgA and IgM transcytosis by promoting the binding of J chain to Ig. In this review, we discuss the roles of pIgR in transcytosis of IgA and IgM, the roles of J chain in the formation of polymeric IgA and IgM and recognition by pIgR, and focus particularly on recent progress in understanding the roles of MZB1, a molecular chaperone protein.

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Secretory IgA in Intestinal Mucosal Secretions as an Adaptive Barrier against Microbial Cells

Cited by 153 publications

References 93 publications

Gut Microbiota–Host Interactions in Inborn Errors of Immunity

Gut Microbiota–Host Interactions in Inborn Errors of Immunity

The Gut-Liver Axis in Cholestatic Liver Diseases

Role of Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor in IgA and IgM Transcytosis

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