Secretory Profile of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Cats with Calicivirus-Positive Severe Chronic Gingivostomatitis

Abstract

The feline calicivirus (FCV) causes infections in cats all over the world and seems to be related to a broad variety of clinical presentations, such as feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), a severe oral pathology in cats. Although its etiopathogeny is largely unknown, FCV infection is likely to be a main predisposing factor for developing this pathology. During recent years, new strategies for treating FCGS have been proposed, based on the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The main mechanism of action of MSC seems to be paracrine, due to the secretion of many biomolecules with different biological functions (secretome). Currently, several pathologies in humans have been shown to be related to functional alterations of the patient’s MSCs. However, the possible roles that altered MSCs might have in different diseases, including virus-mediated diseases, remain unknown. We have recently demonstrated that the exosomes produced by the adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (fAd-MSCs) from cats suffering from FCV-positive severe and refractory FCGS showed altered protein contents. Based on these findings, the goal of this work was to analyze the proteomic profile of the secretome produced by feline adipose-tissue-derived MSCs (fAd-MSCs) from FCV-positive patients with FCGS, in order to identify differences between them and to increase our knowledge of the etiopathogenesis of this disease. We used high-resolution mass spectrometry and functional enrichment analysis with Gene Ontology to compare the secretomes produced by the fAd-MSCs of healthy and calicivirus-positive FCGS cats. We found that the fAd-MSCs from cats with FCGS had an increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and an altered proteomic profile compared to the secretome produced by cells from healthy cats. These findings help us gain insight on the roles of MSCs and their possible relation to FCGS, and may be useful for selecting specific biomarkers and for identifying new therapeutic targets.

Placebo-Controlled Trial of Daily Oral Cannabidiol as Adjunctive Treatment for Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis

“…The SDAI index and COPS C/F scale are partially validated assessment tools. However, the SDAI is the clinical assessment tool mostly used in FCGS studies [2,[27][28][29][30][31], and the COPS C/F is the only pain score developed to evaluate oral pain [13]. Variability between the groups resulted from the small sample size, among other factors.…”

Influence of the Anatomical Site on Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells’ Biological Profile and Osteogenic Potential in Companion Animals

“…Immunophenotyping of isolated ADSCs showed that, depending on the anatomical location, differences in the expression of surface markers were disclosed ( Table 2 ). SCAT-derived cells exhibited high expression of CD90, CD44, CD29, CD105, CD73, MHC class I, and CD9, and minimal or absent CD34, CD45, MHC class II, CD14, and CD4 expression [ 74 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 107 ]. Conversely, cells from the different anatomical locations of VAT showed heightened expression of CD90, CD44, CD29 (falciform ligament), and CD105, while CD34, CD45, MHC class II, and CD14 expression was limited or absent [ 75 , 79 ].…”

The Oral Microbiome across Oral Sites in Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis, Periodontal Disease, and Tooth Resorption Compared with Healthy Cats

“…The presence of other inflammatory disorders could also be important; a large FCGS case series found that cases with TR had a more favorable outcome, and that both PD and TR were associated with alveolar bone loss. From a molecular standpoint, transcriptome (e.g., gene expression of Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, interleukin-17, interleukin-6) and proteome (e.g., proinflammatory cytokines) biomarkers of FCGS were recently reported [9,10].…”