Secretory Vesicle Formation in Glandular Trichomes of Cannabis Sativa (Cannabaceae)

Mahlberg, Paul G.; Kim, Eun-Soo

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb13634.x

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Cannabinoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, carotenoids and other compounds are secreted by glandular trichomes, which are most numerous in the flowers of female plants. [1] Over 60 separate cannabinoids have been identified from the original plant. These are low-molecularweight lipophillic compounds, with a varying degree of affinity at specific cannabinoid receptors (CBRs).…”

Section: Cannabis and Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis

Zajicek

Apostu

2011

CNS Drugs

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Although extracts from the cannabis plant have been used medicinally for thousands of years, it is only within the last 2 decades that our understanding of cannabinoid physiology and the provision of evidence for therapeutic benefit of cannabinoids has begun to accumulate. This review provides a background to advances in our understanding of cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoid system, and then considers how cannabinoids may help in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). The relative paucity of treatments for MS-related symptoms has led to experimentation by patients with MS in a number of areas including the use of cannabis extracts. An increasing amount of evidence is now emerging to confirm anecdotal reports of symptomatic improvement, particularly for muscle stiffness and spasms, neuropathic pain and sleep and bladder disturbance, in patients with MS treated with cannabinoids. Trials evaluating a role in treating other symptoms such as tremor and nystagmus have not demonstrated any beneficial effects of cannabinoids. Safety profiles of cannabinoids seem acceptable, although a slow prolonged period of titration improves tolerability. No serious safety concerns have emerged. Methodological issues in trial design and treatment delivery are now being addressed. In addition, recent experimental evidence is beginning to suggest an effect of cannabinoids on more fundamental processes important in MS, with evidence of anti-inflammation, encouragement of remyelination and neuroprotection. Trials are currently under way to test whether cannabinoids may have a longer term role in reducing disability and progression in MS, in addition to symptom amelioration, where indications are being established.

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Section: Cannabis and Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis

Zajicek

Apostu

2011

CNS Drugs

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“…Structural components of the subcuticular wall, when surrounded by vesicular contents, form a labyrinth of striae that extend through the thickened cuticle Mahlberg, 1991, 1995;Kim, 1991, 1992). The outer wall of the disc cells partitions transversely to initiate an intrawall secretory cavity delimited to the outside by the sheath consisting of the cuticle and the subcuticular wall.…”

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Immunochemical localization of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Cryofixed Glandular Trichomes of Cannabis (Cannabaceae)

Kim

Mahlberg

1997

American J of Botany

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Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) localization in glandular trichomes and bracteal tissues of Cannabis, prepared by high pressure cryofixation-cryosubstitution, was examined with a monoclonal antibody-colloidal gold probe by electron microscopy (EM). The antibody detected THC in the outer wall of disc cells during the presecretory cavity phase of gland development. Upon formation of the secretory cavity, the immunolabel detected THC in the disc cell wall facing the cavity as well as the subcuticular wall and cuticle throughout development of the secretory cavity. THC was detected in the fibrillar matrix associated with the disc cell and with this matrix in the secretory cavity. The antibody identified THC on the surface of secretory vesicles, but not in the secretory vesicles. Gold label also was localized in the anticlinal walls between adjacent disc cells and in the wall of dermal and mesophyll cells of the bract. Grains were absent or detected only occasionally in the cytoplasm of disc or other cells of the bract. No THC was detected in controls. These results indicate THC to be a natural product secreted particularly from disc cells and accumulated in the cell wall, the fibrillar matrix and surface feature of vesicles in the secretory cavity, the subcuticular wall, and the cuticle of glandular trichomes. THC, among other chemicals, accumulated in the cuticle may serve as a plant recognition signal to other organisms in the environment.

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“…Vesicles in the secretory cavity, examined by HPC-CS, possessed a distinctive surface feature approximately onehalf the thickness ofa typical bilayered membrane. In CF a bilayered membrane was detected around vesicles during the formative phase of the secretory cavity, whereas only a single-layered feature surrounded vesicles later in cavity development (Hammond and Mahlberg, 1978;Kim and Mahlberg, 1991;Mahlberg and Kim, 1991). The presence of a single-layered feature around secretory vesicles, rather than a bilayered membrane, may reflect the interaction of lipophilic contents of vesicles with other components, possibly proteins, which are reported in the cell wall (Fry, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 Author for correspondence. appeared indicative of their involvement in sheath development Kim, 1991, 1992). Numerous monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes have been identified by mass spectroscopy from these glands (Hammond, Kim, and Mahlberg, unpublished data).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As this cavity within the wall enlarges and accumulates secretions derived from disc cells, the outer portion of the wall contributes to formation of the gland sheath, consisting of the subcuticular wall and the cuticle. Upon continued enlargement ofthe secretory cavity, both the cuticle and subcuticular wall components of the sheath increase greatly in surface area as well as in thickness (Mahlberg et aI., 1984;Kim and Mahlberg, 1991;Mahlberg and Kim, 1991).…”

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confidence: 99%

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GLANDULAR CUTICLE FORMATION IN CANNABIS (CANNABACEAE)

Kim

Mahlberg

1995

American J of Botany

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Formation of the cuticle from components of the secretory cavity and subcuticular wall was studied by transmission electron microscopy of glandular trichomes of Cannabis prepared by high pressure cryofixation-cryosubstitution. Secretory vesicles in the secretory cavity resembled those localized in the subcuticular wall as well as the vesicle-related material associated with the irregular inner surface of the cuticle and appeared to provide precursors for thickening of the cuticle. Some contiguous vesicles in the secretory cavity and subcuticular wall lacked a surface feature at their point of contact, supporting an interpretation of vesicle fusion. Fibrillar matrix from the secretory cavity contributed fibrillar matrix to the subcuticular wall, and persisted as residual fibrillar matrix associated with secretory materials coalesced to the thickened inner surface of the cuticle. Elongated fibrils arranged in uniformly spaced parallel pairs contributed to the organization of fibrillar matrix in the subcuticular wall. Striae were evident in the outer portion of the cuticle, and appeared to represent sites of degraded residual fibrillar matrix associated with secretory materials coalesced to the inner cuticular surface. This study supports an interpretation that contents of secretory vesicles from the secretory cavity contribute to formation of glandular cuticle.

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Secretory Vesicle Formation in Glandular Trichomes of Cannabis Sativa (Cannabaceae)

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

Role of Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis

Role of Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis

Immunochemical localization of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in Cryofixed Glandular Trichomes of Cannabis (Cannabaceae)

GLANDULAR CUTICLE FORMATION IN CANNABIS (CANNABACEAE)

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