Sectarianism and the Ambiguities of Welfare in Lebanon

Cammett, Melani

doi:10.1086/682391

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The often-purposeful exclusion of religious and ethnic minorities from the provision of social welfare (including cash assistance) by sectarian parties contributes to the construction and consolidation of social inequalities along partisan and ethnoreligious lines. In so doing, it also strengthens social divisions, such as in the case of Lebanon's divided society (Cammett 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risks and Outcomes of Getting Help for Marginalised People: Navigating Access to Social Assistance in Crises

Rohwerder¹,

Szyp²

2022

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Crises exacerbate existing inequalities and vulnerabilities for marginalised people, including women and girls, children and youth, older people, people with disabilities, ethnic and religious minorities, and sexual and gender minorities. Many of them face multiple and intersecting inequalities, especially people who are forcibly displaced. Social assistance seeks to alleviate crisis impacts by protecting vulnerable people and averting them from deprivation, but the same structures and systems that make some people more exposed (and excluded) generally can exclude them from social assistance in crises and further undermine their situation. There is substantial literature that already discusses the benefits and opportunities of social assistance generally. The added value of this paper is in examining the risks of navigating access to social assistance in crises for these marginalised people, and the positive and negative outcomes of accessing or not accessing this assistance. The existing evidence suggests that social assistance can improve marginalised people’s food security, help households meet their basic needs, reduce stress and household tensions, reduce gender-based violence, improve health, education, and wellbeing, and reduce negative coping mechanisms. However, it can also disrupt their social support mechanisms and expose them to violence and further risks. Such risks – some of which also apply to those who are excluded from social assistance, and which do not apply to all marginalised people all the time similarly – include neglect, discrimination, sexual exploitation and abuse, increased household and community tensions, gender-based violence, stigma, theft, and accessibility issues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Risks and Outcomes of Getting Help for Marginalised People: Navigating Access to Social Assistance in Crises

Rohwerder¹,

Szyp²

2022

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“…Since the Ta 0 if accord, successive government administrations have stuck to highly liberalised economic strategies, characterised by minimal social security and a reliance on private markets to supply public goods and services. The F I G U R E 1 An international child protection system typology (Connolly & Katz, 2019) paucity of state social security in Lebanon has seen an assortment of international and domestic NGOs, ethnic and sectarian-based political movements (many delivering assistance to gain populist support) and religious welfare organisations step in to support communities (Cammett, 2015). The result is a complex web of institutions, programmes and services delivering often uncoordinated support with disparities in access and service quality (Bastagli et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Lebanese Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road‐testing child protection typologies: A case study in Lebanon

El-Hoss

Brown

2022

Child Abuse Review

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Over the past three decades a small number of influential writers have bravely attempted to develop theoretical models for understanding and comparing the complex development of child protection systems across different countries. The foremost frameworks have compared the dynamics of child protection arrangements in high-income countries, with little attention being given to middle-and low-income countries and, more specifically, the MENA region. This paper presents Lebanon's child protection model and highlights factors that have led to its unique development in the last 20 years. It contends that Lebanon's child protection system is pluralistic in nature, with responsibilities for the ultimate safety and wellbeing of children diffused among a variety of stakeholders. As a relatively new domain of practice for the state, the protection of children in Lebanon has become implicated in the ever-present national debates regarding the correct balance of authority between state, religion and citizen. A parallel system of decision-making exists with a state-run system struggling to find its place alongside customary religious courts unlikely to relinquish their power over family affairs. Through an examination of Lebanon, the paper aims to further road test the most recent typology and address its applicability to one Middle East country. K E Y W O R D S child protection systems, Lebanon, pluralism, typologies Key Practitioner Messages• The Lebanese child protection system is pluralistic with safeguarding responsibilities for children diffused among a variety of stakeholders. • Child protection in Lebanon remains a complex and ever-evolving relationship where the 'statutory' system struggles for legitimacy in a context where the state is rarely seen as the rightful arbitrator of family affairs. • Typologies equip us with tools to evaluate and compare protection systems;however, further refinement is required as we include a broader range of countries.

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“…The literature on nonstate service provision emerging from the developing world also highlights a gray area between state and nonstate service provision (Cammett 2015;Cammett & MacLean 2011;Tabor 2005;Tsai 2007Tsai , 2011, where the extractive activity is enforced and organized by social institutions in conjunction with the state. Self-managing, community-based health insurance schemes (CBHIs) organized around geographic entities or professional bodies provide an example (Tabor 2005).…”

Section: State and Nonstate Actors: Substitutes Collaborators And Challengersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scholars increasingly recognize the importance of social extraction, but they frame their analyses within a state-centric perspective. Studies have primarily focused on variations in the relationship between state-and nonstate provision (Post et al 2017) and the extent to which nonstate provision affects state building (Bodea & LeBas 2016, Cammett 2015, MacLean 2010. These contributions address an important gap in the fiscal governance literature, but they do not study the mechanisms of nonstate provision directly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Other Side of Taxation: Extraction and Social Institutions in the Developing World

Rakner

2018

Annu. Rev. Polit. Sci.

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The fiscal sociology literature views the state at the heart of development, but in most developing countries, formal taxation is limited. Instead, local residents make substantial contributions outside the state to the provision of public goods. That is, they engage in what we call social extraction rather than state taxation. This article conceptualizes social extraction and the social institutions that drive extraction. Furthermore, it considers variations in the content of social institutions, and it proposes research agendas that allow us to understand how social institutions impact resource mobilization and development at the community level. It draws lessons from a large, cross-disciplinary literature that includes work in anthropology, sociology, economics, psychology, and political science.

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Sectarianism and the Ambiguities of Welfare in Lebanon

Cited by 23 publications

References 30 publications

The Risks and Outcomes of Getting Help for Marginalised People: Navigating Access to Social Assistance in Crises

The Risks and Outcomes of Getting Help for Marginalised People: Navigating Access to Social Assistance in Crises

Road‐testing child protection typologies: A case study in Lebanon

The Other Side of Taxation: Extraction and Social Institutions in the Developing World

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