Section D. The nutritional value of milk and milk products

Kon, S. K.

doi:10.1017/s0022029900017696

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Normally the fat-soluble pigment of the milk is preponderantly 0-carotene, and the ratio of 94% active carotene and 6% xanthophylls put forward by Gillam (1934) has been generally accepted. It has been known for some time, however, that the exact proportion may vary according to the composition of the earotenoids fed to the cow (Kon, 1940). The present results showed that 10-40 % of the total earotenoids secreted in cow milk fat were in the biologically inactive form (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

The partition of carotenoids and vitamin A in the colostrum and milk of the cow and the goat

Chanda

1953

J. Agric. Sci.

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The partition of carotenoids and vitamin A in the colostrum of nine cows and six goats and in the milk of three cows and two goats was determined using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods. The following were the main results:1. The content of β-carotene and vitamin A in the colostrum decreased rapidly during the first nine milkings in both the cow and the goat. The rates of decline were logarithmic. Logarithmic regressions also showed that the decreases in β-carotene were more rapid than those of vitamin A.2. The heifers secreted more vitamin A in their colostral fat than did cows on the same ration. The vitamin A content of the colostral fat of goats was greater during the first lactation than in later lactations. There was no difference in the rates of decrease of the vitamin A content of heifer and cow colostrum, but the difference between the rates of decreases of colostral vitamin A of first and later lactation goats was significant.3. The colostral fat of cows at pasture contained more vitamin A than that of cows on winter rations. There was no difference between the logarithmic rates of decrease in the two groups during the first nine milkings. The colostral fat of four goats receiving winter rations was richer in vitamin A than that of three cows treated similarly, and this superiority of the goat over the cow persisted throughout lactation.4. There was no difference between the carotene content of the colostral fat of the first and later lactation cows. The yield of fat and β-carotene of the heifers was smaller than that of the cows. Cows at pasture secreted more β-carotene in their colostrum than the cows on winter rations. The presence of β-carotene was demonstrated in goat colostrum, although mature goat milk was free from any measurable quantity of carotenoids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

The partition of carotenoids and vitamin A in the colostrum and milk of the cow and the goat

Chanda

1953

J. Agric. Sci.

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“…This confirms the earlier findings of Cashell & Kon (cf. (212)) that in rats an exclusive diet of mineralized skim milk-leads to cataractous changes. When galactose diets were given to pregnant rats cataractous changes were observed in foetuses 16 days old (742); paralysis on galactose diets has also been reported (731,743).…”

Section: (Iii) Impurities In Casein Of Nutritional Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section D. Nutritive value of milk and milk products

Kon

Henry

1949

Journal of Dairy Research

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III. Nutritive value as estimated in laboratory andVitamin B, (pyridosrin) after parturition contained 14, 25, 36 and 29/xg./g. fat (0-9,1-1, 1-3 and 1-3 mg./l.) of carotene and 48, 91, 67 and 165 jig./g. fat (2-8, 3-7, 3-0 and 6-9 mg./l.) of vitamin A, and the effects of the supplements were still evident in later samples of colostrum. It is of interest that the addition of carotene did not increase the vitamin A, and that the administration of vitamm A did not depress the .carotene, in colostrum.Unpublished work at Shinfield(77) gave very similar results, but the high vitamin A ration depressed the carotene content of the colostrum. Corroborative evidence comes from Russia (78), and from the U.S. Bureau of Dairy Industry (79). The colostrum of two cows which had been on pasture had a higher vitamin A potency than that of two cows on a ration low in vitamin A (79).Several authors have studied the vitamin A and carotene content of colostrum of different breeds under normal and experimental conditions. Valuable information comes from the Ohio State University herd for which two sets of values are available, one for groups of five to nine Ayrshire, Guernsey, Friesian (Holstein) and Jersey cows which calved while on winter feed (80) and another for similar cows of the same breeds, with the addition of Brown Swiss, which calved a year or two later on pasture (81). The values are not strictly comparable as they are given for separate days in the first study and for separate milkings in the second. On both occasions the carotene concentration in the first sample was lowest for Friesian cows (1-97 and 2-89 mg./l.) and highest for Guernseys (4-97 and 8-64 mg./L). For vitamin A, Jerseys were bottom of the four breeds on both occasions (2-18 and 1-44 mg./L), but Ayrshires led in the first study with 2-94 mg./l. and Guernseys in the second with 2-79 mg./l. The values for the Brown Swiss were 4-97 mg./l. for carotene and 3-48 mg./l. for vitamin A. It is noteworthy that the colostrum of the cows which calved in winter was relatively poorer in carotene and richer in vitamin A than that of the cows on pasture. The differences were much less marked in later samples. An interesting feature of these findings was that, on both occasions, the concentration of carotene in the Jersey colostrum was at first much less than for Guernseys, and even less than for Ayrshires, but the concentration declined more slowly, and the Jerseys were leading, for example, from the fourth to the seventh milking in the second experiment. The results indicate a marked individual variation in the concentration of vitamin A and carotene in colostrum, a fact emphasized by the findings of most other authors. In the first 3 days after calving some 50 mg. of vitamin A and 60 mg. of carotene were secreted in colostrum (80).Hansen, Phillips & Smith (82) followed the vitamin A and carotene content of the colostrum, and its change with the progress of lactation and method of milking, of eighteen Friesian cows which were uniformly fed indoors throughout their first ...

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Uniformity of Riboflavin Content of Milk Produced Under Standardized Conditions

Holmes¹

1943

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Section D. The nutritional value of milk and milk products

Cited by 8 publications

References 191 publications

The partition of carotenoids and vitamin A in the colostrum and milk of the cow and the goat

The partition of carotenoids and vitamin A in the colostrum and milk of the cow and the goat

Section D. Nutritive value of milk and milk products

Uniformity of Riboflavin Content of Milk Produced Under Standardized Conditions

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