Sectoral Analysis of Landscape Interiors (SALI) as One of the Tools for Monitoring Changes in Green Infrastructure Systems

Abstract

The aim of this article was to present Sectoral Analysis of Landscape Interiors (SALI). This method uses the idea of a landscape interior understood as a fragment of a landscape perceived from the level of a person standing at a given point. The analyses were conducted in two stages: stage I-the quantitative stage, and stage II-the qualitative stage. The first part of the research was the analysis of the percentage share of particular elements of landscape interiors in the images perpetuated in photographs, taking into account their level of transparency. The second part was the assessment of their quality based on expert knowledge. The use of the SALI method in the context of the analysis of greenery changes over time was illustrated on the example of the landscape interior of the main street in the village of Psary in Poland. The research was carried out at a time interval of 10 years-for the years 2009 and 2019. The results of the study indicate very large changes and loss of greenery (especially trees) and the associated deterioration of the landscape. The findings confirm the suitability of the method in landscape research at a human scale.The aim of the SALI investigations is to complement with 3D visual analyses the studies and 146 landscape analyses carried out on two-dimensional maps. They consist of recording and evaluating147 landscape interiors seen by a person moving around a built-up area. Therefore, the research 148 conducted so far has been carried out in the landscape interiors of streets. The analyses were carried149 out along them by taking a sequence of panoramic photographs (360°) at distances of 100-150 m 150 (step I/1). The selection of the point where the photographs were taken was determined by the area 151 conditions and the change in landscape physiognomy perceived by the observer. Photographs in the 152 SALI method can be taken during the non-foliation and foliation period, which additionally makes it 153 possible to show the variability of the landscape over time, resulting from the passing of seasons. 154After taking a sequence of panoramic photographs, a matrix should be prepared for further research.

Urban Resilience and Residential Greenery—The Evidence from Poland

“…Moreover, studies conducted in European cities have identified several problems regarding residents' access to residential green areas [18], which constitute an urgent issue related to environmental justice in densely populated areas [33,34]. In the case of Poland, the studies carried out so far have primarily focused on UGSs on a larger scale [35][36][37], informal greenery [15], urban forests [38], more sustainable spatial planning in the context of environmental protection, and the development of residential areas in urban regions [39]. Few studies have been devoted to residential green areas, although researchers dealing with this topic [40][41][42] have not considered the need to raise urban resilience.…”

Chaos in Motion: Measuring Visual Pollution with Tangential View Landscape Metrics

“…In reality however, the perception of visual landscapes likely takes place in motion (as the observer moves between vantage points). Therefore, we accounted for this by applying a directional view sequence approach inspired by Sectoral Analysis of Landscape Interiors [54] (the directional view sequence details are described in the method section).…”