Secular and race/ethnic trends in glycemic outcomes by <scp>BMI</scp> in <scp>US</scp> adults: The role of waist circumference

Albrecht, Sandra S.; Mayer‐Davis, Elizabeth J.; Popkin, Barry M.

doi:10.1002/dmrr.2889

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Second, we have found in related research that over the past 20 years waist circumferences in many countries have grown for the same BMI level . Third, as we have shown for Mexican Americans living in the USA and others have shown in Latin America, the risk of diabetes at each BMI level above 22 is much higher for Latinos than for non‐Hispanic Whites . This seems also to be true for Indo‐Caribbeans, who appear particularly vulnerable to diabetes .…”

Section: Trends In Undernutrition Overweight and Obesitysupporting

confidence: 61%

Obesity and the food system transformation inLatin America

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region faces a major diet-related health problem accompanied by enormous economic and social costs. The shifts in diet are profound: major shifts in intake of less-healthful low-nutrient-density foods and sugary beverages, changes in away-from-home eating and snacking and rapid shifts towards very high levels of overweight and obesity among all ages along with, in some countries, high burdens of stunting. Diet changes have occurred in parallel to, and in two-way causality with, changes in the broad food system – the set of supply chains from farms, through midstream segments of processing, wholesale and logistics, to downstream segments of retail and food service (restaurants and fast food chains). An essential contribution of this piece is to marry and integrate the nutrition transition literature with the literature on the economics of food system transformation. These two literatures and debates have been to date largely ‘two ships passing in the night’. This review documents in-depth the recent history of rapid growth and transformation of that broad food system in LAC, with the rapid rise of supermarkets, large processors, fast food chains and food logistics firms. The transformation is the story of a ‘double-edged sword’, showing its links to various negative diet side trends, e.g. the rise of consumption of fast food and highly processed food, as well as in parallel, to various positive trends, e.g. the reduction of the cost of food, de-seasonalization, increase of convenience of food preparation reducing women’s time associated with that and increase of availability of some nutritious foods like meat and dairy. We view the transformation of the food system, as well as certain aspects of diet change linked to long-run changes in employment and demographics (e.g. the quest for convenience), as broad parameters that will endure for the next decades without truly major regulatory and fiscal changes. We then focus in on what are the steps that are being and can be taken to curb the negative effects on diet of these changes. We show that countries in LAC are already among the global leaders in initiating demand-related solutions via taxation and marketing controls. But we also show that this is only a small step forward. To shift LAC’s food supply towards prices that incentivize consumption of healthier diets and demand away from the less healthy component is not simple and will not happen immediately. We must be cognizant that ultimately, food industry firms must be incentivized to market the components of healthy diets. This will primarily need to be via selective taxes and subsidies, marketing controls, as well as food quality regulations, consumer education and, in the medium term, consumers’ desires to combine healthier foods with their ongoing quest for convenience in the face of busy lives. In the end, the food industry in LAC will orient itself towards profitable solutions, ie those demanded by the broad mass of consumers.

show abstract

Section: Trends In Undernutrition Overweight and Obesitysupporting

confidence: 61%

Obesity and the food system transformation inLatin America

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, obesity is considered a major contributor to glucose dysregulation and insulin resistance. Nevertheless, it may be possible that AAW may be more sensitive to adverse changes in obesity given their higher prevalence of diabetes compared to whites ( 45 ). In addition, changes in the categories and classification of glucose intolerance, prediabetes, and T2DM may also contribute to the lack of significant increases in T2DM ( 10 , 42 , 46 ).…”

Section: Components Of the Mets In Aawmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in African-American Women: Emerging Trends and Implications

Gaillard

2018

Front. Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is recognized as a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The MetS is a constellation of clinical and metabolic risk factors that include abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension. There are ethnic and racial differences in the prevalence of MetS and its components. In general, African-Americans have lower prevalence of MetS when compared to whites, but suffer disproportionately from higher cardiovascular mortality and T2DM. Specifically, African-American women (AAW) have higher rates of T2DM and cardiovascular mortality despite a more favorable lipid and lipoprotein profile. This is paradoxical. However, there is a general upward trend in the prevalence of MetS in the US. The reasons are debatable, but could be multifactorial, including genetics and environmental factors. Thus, there is a need to understand the increasing trend in the MetS, its components, and the associated outcomes for AAW. Therefore, the purpose of this mini review is to (1) understand the increasing prevalence of MetS and its components in AAW and (2) provide suggestions for future prevention of cardiovascular disease and T2DM in AAW.

show abstract

“…The final section discusses the 4-6 consequences of the problem and possible solutions. 7,8,12,[36][37][38]34,39,14,[40][41][42][43]14,16,[44][45][46][47][48]39,34,38,35 PART 1: THE DOUBLE BURDEN AND ITS PREVALENCE: COUNTRY AND…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), defined as the simultaneous manifestation of both undernutrition and overweight/obesity, affects most low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the dynamics of DBM in LMICs and how it differs by socioeconomic level. The paper shows that DBM has increased in the poorest LMICs, mainly due to overweight/obesity increases. Indonesia is the largest country experiencing severe levels of the DBM, but many other Asian and sub-Saharan African countries also face this problem. We also discuss that overweight increases are mainly due to rapid changes in the food system, particularly the availability of cheap ultra-processed food and beverages in LMICs while there are major reductions in physical activity at work, transportation, home and even leisure related to introductions of activity-saving technologies. Understanding that the lowest income LMICs face severe levels of DBM and that the major direct cause is rapid increases in overweight allows identifying selected critical drivers and possible options for addressing DBM at all levels.

show abstract

Secular and race/ethnic trends in glycemic outcomes by BMI in US adults: The role of waist circumference

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Obesity and the food system transformation inLatin America

Obesity and the food system transformation inLatin America

The Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in African-American Women: Emerging Trends and Implications

Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About