Secular changes in relative leg length in post-war Japan

Ali, M. A.; Uetake, Teruo; Ohtsuki, Fumio

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(200005/06)12:3<405::aid-ajhb11>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, there was a dramatic difference between the two countries in that Japan showed virtually no change in timing after 1970, whereas in South Korea puberty occurred 6 months earlier in 2005 than in 1997. Ali et al (2000) also found that in Japan, age at peak height velocity plateaued after 1970.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fifty years of child height and weight in Japan and South Korea: Contrasting secular trend patterns analyzed by SITAR

Cole

Mori

2017

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives Japanese and South Koreans have traditionally been shorter than Europeans, but have recently become appreciably taller. The aim was to quantify the secular trend patterns in height and weight growth in the two countries over 50 years using the SITAR growth curve model. Methods Data on mean height and weight by sex in 1‐year age groups from 1 to 20 years were obtained by decade in South Korea (1965–2005) and Japan (1950–2010). The data were analyzed using SITAR (SuperImposition by Translation And Rotation), which estimates a mean curve and three adjustments–size, timing and intensity–reflecting how the individual surveys differ from the mean. A sensitivity analysis compared results for the Japanese data based on cohort as well as period. Results Growth patterns in the two countries changed dramatically over the study period, affecting not only height and weight but also developmental age, in that the growth period advanced in timing and shrank in duration. SITAR fitted the data well. The trends were larger in South Korea than Japan, and puberty timing in Japan stabilized by 1970. Most of the height increment seen in adults had already accrued by age 1.5 years, whereas the adult weight increment accrued throughout childhood. Conclusions The secular height trend in these countries represents increased growth in the long bones during infancy, so it can be viewed as the inverse of stunting. There are striking country differences in growth pattern, but they are not easily explained by differences in national income, diet or lifestyle.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Fifty years of child height and weight in Japan and South Korea: Contrasting secular trend patterns analyzed by SITAR

Cole

Mori

2017

American J Hum Biol

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“…Extremities of stature proportions are different compared to those in the past owing to different lifestyles. Therefore, new stature estimation formulae are needed to reflect modern relative leg length [3,31]. There is a little difference between the formulae for stature estimation of Koreans and other populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of stature from femur length measured using computed tomography after the analysis of three-dimensional characteristics of femur bone in Korean cadavers

et al. 2017

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Estimation of stature is a basic and important forensic procedure in identifying decomposed or skeletonized bodies. Due to advances in radiologic equipment, forensic science frequently uses computed tomography (CT) and software to apply these findings to investigations. Technical developments have increased the accuracy of the measurement of various bones. However, there are still some inaccuracies, such as defining correct landmarks in three-dimensional (3D) images. Femur length is frequently used for calculation of stature, but because it is a 3D structure, the digital image may not always correlate with the femur length measured with an osteometric board. However, more studies are now showing that the maximum femur length calculated in 3D imagery is comparable to the maximum femur length calculated using an osteometric board. This study used digitalized data of the femur obtained from the CT image through the specialized software. The digitalized femur images were put on the virtual osteometric board, which helped us to understand the anatomic characteristics of the femur and to confirm that the maximum femur lengths calculated in 3D images are similar to the results obtained using an osteometric board. These data were used to obtain a stature estimation formula for the Korean population.

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“…For example, several studies have shown that North Koreans are shorter than South Koreans (see Schwekendiek and Pak 2009 for a metaanalysis), and researchers attribute these differences to nutrition. Similarly, height increased in the Japanese population in the generation born after World War II (Ali et al 2000). Height also tends to vary by socioeconomic status within countries; children from more well-off families are taller than children from poorer families (even in developed countries like the U.S.; Eveleth and Tanner 1990).…”

Section: What Else Affects Human Height?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Are Humans Evolving?” A Classroom Discussion to Change Student Misconceptions Regarding Natural Selection

2011

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Natural selection is an important mechanism in the unifying biological theory of evolution, but many undergraduate students struggle to learn this concept. Students enter introductory biology courses with predictable misconceptions about natural selection, and traditional teaching methods, such as lecturing, are unlikely to dispel these misconceptions. Instead, students are more likely to learn natural selection when they are engaged in instructional activities specifically designed to change misconceptions. Three instructional strategies useful for changing student conceptions include (1) eliciting naïve conceptions from students, (2) challenging nonscientific conceptions, and (3) emphasizing conceptual frameworks throughout instruction. In this paper, we describe a classroom discussion of the question "Are humans evolving?" that employs these three strategies for teaching students how natural selection operates. Our assessment of this activity shows that it successfully elicits students' misconceptions and improves student understanding of natural selection. Seventy-eight percent of our students who began this exercise with misconceptions were able to partially or completely change their misconceptions by the end of this discussion. The course that this activity was part of also showed significant learning gains (d = 1.48) on the short form of the Conceptual Inventory of Natural Selection. This paper includes all the background information, data, and visual aids an instructor will need to implement this activity.

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Secular changes in relative leg length in post-war Japan

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Fifty years of child height and weight in Japan and South Korea: Contrasting secular trend patterns analyzed by SITAR

Fifty years of child height and weight in Japan and South Korea: Contrasting secular trend patterns analyzed by SITAR

Estimation of stature from femur length measured using computed tomography after the analysis of three-dimensional characteristics of femur bone in Korean cadavers

“Are Humans Evolving?” A Classroom Discussion to Change Student Misconceptions Regarding Natural Selection

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