Secular Trend in Thinness Prevalence for 26 Years (1989 - 2014) among High School Runners in Japan

Kinoshita, Norimitsu; Fukuda, Rei

doi:10.5812/asjsm.35970

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…They proposed a BMI cutoff value for menarche ~17kg/m 2 . Furthermore, Kinoshita and Fukuda 56 mentioned that female distance runners were prone to thinness in order to improve sport achievements and were at higher risk for health compared to non-athletes. Also, they reported that the number of thin female runners was continuously augmented.…”

Section: The Female Adolescent Athletementioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Physiology in Adolescent Track-and-Field Athletes: A Narrative Review

Nikolaidis¹,

Сонькин²

2023

OAJSM

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The present study aimed to review the physiological aspects of adolescent track-and-field (TAF) athletes. A search of Scopus on 27/12/2022 using the syntax ABS (track-and-field) AND ABS (children) OR ABS (adolescent) showed 121 documents, and 45 were considered for further analysis. In addition, handsearching was conducted to identify Russian literature missing in Scopus. Differences were shown in performance characteristics among disciplines, especially between throwers and the other athletes. The sex difference in performance (ie, a better performance in boys than in girls) started in early adolescence. A relative age effect was more pronounced in athletes under 13 years old. Despite the wide use of nutritional supplements, an insufficient intake of vitamins has been found. The age of training onset and body weight were identified as risk factors for problems with menarche. The inclusion of track-and-field training programs in physical education was beneficial for health and physical fitness. The need to collaborate closely with parents and coaches was identified, especially, regarding education in topics such as the age of training onset, relative age effect, and doping. In conclusion, the existence of many disciplines with different anthropometric and physiological characteristics highlighted the need for a discipline-specific approach.

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Section: The Female Adolescent Athletementioning

confidence: 99%

Sports Physiology in Adolescent Track-and-Field Athletes: A Narrative Review

Nikolaidis¹,

Сонькин²

2023

OAJSM

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“…Therefore, theoretically, slenderness is advantageous for long-distance running performances (Black et al 2020). Runners aim to be light and lean by strictly controlling their body weight (Kinoshita and Fukuda 2016). However, focusing on reducing body weight alone can put runners at an increased risk of energy deficiency (Torstveit et al 2008, Sundgot-Borgen andTorstveit 2010).…”

Section: Anthropometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding anthropometry, metabolism and menstrual status of Japanese college female long-distance runners

Iwamoto

Sugita

Ishikawa-Takata

et al. 2021

ijok

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Aim: To understand the anthropometry, metabolism, and menstrual status of Japanese collegiate female long-distance runners. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 29 Japanese college female long-distance runners divided into three menstruation status groups: 1) Regular; 2) Irregular; and 3) Amenorrhea. The amenorrhea group was further divided into participants who consulted a gynecologist and those who did not. Metabolism was measured using resting metabolic rate, total energy expenditure, and physical activity level. Energy was measured using energy intake, exercise energy expenditure, and energy availability (EA). Anthropometric measurements were performed following standardized techniques from the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Results: Of the 29 runners, 68% had menstrual dysfunction. The amenorrhea group who had consulted a gynecologist had lower body mass index (BMI) and lower skinfolds than the other groups. All groups had more than 30 kcal/kg fat free mass/day for EA with no difference between the groups. Conclusions: There was high prevalence of menstrual dysfunction in the female Japanese college long-distance runners. Runners with amenorrhea had lower BMI and lower skinfolds than the other groups, despite having consulted a gynecologist for medical support. All the runners had an energy deficiency higher than the published threshold; therefore, this threshold did not differentiate the amenorrhea or irregular menstruating athletes from regular menstruating athletes. Longitudinal tracking of athletes should include measurement of height, body mass, and skinfolds to enable evaluation of BMI, the sum of eight skinfold sites, and leanness ratio score as possible indicators over time for menstrual dysfunction.

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Association of energy availability with resting metabolic rates in competitive female teenage runners: a cross-sectional study

Kinoshita

Uchiyama

Ishikawa-Takata

et al. 2021

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background Resting metabolic rate (RMR) has been examined as a proxy for low energy availability (EA). Previous studies have been limited to adult athletes, despite the serious health consequences of low EA, particularly during adolescence. This study aimed to explore the relationship between RMR and EA in competitive teenage girl runners. Methods Eighteen girl runners (mean ± standard-deviation; age, 16.8 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 45.6 ± 5.2 kg, %fat, 13.5 ± 4.2 %) in the same competitive high-school team were evaluated. Each runner was asked to report dietary records with photos and training logs for seven days. Energy intake (EI) was assessed by Registered Dietitian Nutritionists. The runners were evaluated on a treadmill with an indirect calorimeter to yield individual prediction equations for oxygen consumption using running velocity and heart rate (HR). Exercise energy expenditure (EEE) was calculated by the equations based on training logs and HR. Daily EA was calculated by subtracting EEE from EI. The daily means of these variables were calculated. RMR was measured early in the morning by whole-room calorimetry after overnight sleep on concluding the final day of the seven-day assessment. The ratio of measured RMR to predicted RMR (RMR ratio) was calculated by race, age, sex-specific formulae, and Cunningham’s equation. Body composition was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bivariate correlation analyses were used to examine the relationship between variables. Results RMR, EI, EEE, and EA were 26.9 ± 2.4, 56.8 ± 15.2, 21.7 ± 5.9, and 35.0 ± 15.0 kcal⋅kg−1 FFM⋅d−1, respectively. RMR reduced linearly with statistical significance, while EA decreased to a threshold level (30 kcal⋅kg−1 FFM⋅d−1) (r= 0.58, p= 0.048). Further reduction in RMR was not observed when EA fell below the threshold. There was no significant correlation between RMR ratios and EA, irrespective of the prediction formulae used. Conclusions These results suggest that RMR does not reduce with a decrease in EA among highly competitive and lean teenage girl runners. RMR remains disproportionally higher than expected in low EA states. Free-living teenage girl runners with low EA should be cautiously identified using RMR as a proxy for EA change.

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Secular Trend in Thinness Prevalence for 26 Years (1989 - 2014) among High School Runners in Japan

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Sports Physiology in Adolescent Track-and-Field Athletes: A Narrative Review

Sports Physiology in Adolescent Track-and-Field Athletes: A Narrative Review

Understanding anthropometry, metabolism and menstrual status of Japanese college female long-distance runners

Association of energy availability with resting metabolic rates in competitive female teenage runners: a cross-sectional study

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