Secular Trends in Pediatric Overweight and Obesity in Korea

Kim, Jae Hyun; Moon, Jin Soo

doi:10.7570/jomes20002

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A recent multinational study reported that up to 30% of children and adolescents with T1D were overweight or obese 42 . In this study, 21% of T1D patients were overweight and/or obese 5 years after the diagnosis, similar to the frequency in the general population of Korea 43 . Because obesity has become a common problem in children and adolescents with T1D, monitoring BMI during the treatment course should be emphasized as a key component of pediatric T1D care.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Trajectories in glycated hemoglobin and body mass index in children and adolescents with diabetes using the common data model

Lee

Yoo

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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We evaluated trajectories of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and body mass index z-scores (BMIz) for 5 years after diagnosis among Korean children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the common data model. From the de-identified database of three hospitals, 889 patients < 15 years of age diagnosed with T1D or T2D (393 boys, 664 T1D patients) were enrolled. Diagnosis was defined as first exposure to antidiabetic drug at each center. Compared with T2D patients, T1D patients had lower BMIz at diagnosis (− 0.4 ± 1.2 vs. 1.5 ± 1.4, p < 0.001) and 3 months (− 0.1 ± 1.0 vs. 1.5 ± 1.5, p < 0.001), and higher HbA1c levels at diagnosis (10.0 ± 2.6% vs. 9.5 ± 2.7%, p < 0.01). After 3 months, HbA1c levels reached a nadir of 7.6% and 6.5% in T1D and T2D patients, respectively, followed by progressive increases; only 10.4% of T1D and 29.7% of T2D patients achieved the recommended HbA1c target (< 7.0%) at 60 months. T1D patients showed consistent increases in BMIz; T2D patients showed no significant change in BMIz during follow-up. Peri-pubertal girls with T1D had higher HbA1c and BMIz values. Achieving optimal glycemic control and preventing obesity should be emphasized in pediatric diabetes care.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Trajectories in glycated hemoglobin and body mass index in children and adolescents with diabetes using the common data model

Lee

Yoo

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Given that the trend of AAM in Korea over generations are more dramatically decreased compared to that in western countries and similar patterns are observed worldwide in generational prevalence of childhood obesity [57][58][59], generational trend of AAM in Korea is not thought to be only caused by increasing childhood obesity. The gap between the trend of AAM and childhood obesity make it necessary to consider the generation effect in the study of causal association between AAM and young adulthood BMI.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 63%

Causal relationship between the timing of menarche and young adult body mass index with consideration to a trend of consistently decreasing age at menarche

et al. 2021

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Younger age at menarche (AAM) is associated with higher body mass index (BMI) for young women. Considering that continuous trends in decreasing AAM and increasing BMI are found in many countries, we attempted to assess whether the observed negative association between AAM and young adult BMI is causal. We included 4,093 women from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) and Healthy twin Study (HTS) with relevant epidemiologic data and genome-wide marker information. To mitigate the remarkable differences in AAM across generations, we converted the AAM to a generation-standardized AAM (gsAAM). To test causality, we applied the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, using a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 14 AAM-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We constructed MR models adjusting for education level and validated the results using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outliers test (MR-PRESSO), and MR-Egger regression methods. We found a null association using observed AAM and BMI level (conventional regression; -0.05 [95% CIs -0.10–0.00] per 1-year higher AAM). This null association was replicated when gsAAM was applied instead of AAM. Using the two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach employing a univariate GRS, the association was also negated for both AAM and gsAAM, regardless of model specifications. All the MR diagnostics suggested statistically insignificant associations, but weakly negative trends, without evidence of confounding from pleiotropy. We did not observe a causal association between AAM and young adult BMI whether we considered the birth cohort effect or not. Our study alone does not exclude the possibility of existing a weak negative association, considering the modest power of our study design.

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“…The prevalence of obesity increased twice (8.7% to 15.0%) during 10 years (2007 to 2017) in children aged 6–18 years [ 15 ]. The prevalence of overweight/obese children aged 2–19 increased from 1998 to 2012, from 15.2% to 25.5% [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RMR-Related MAP2K6 Gene Variation on the Risk of Overweight/Obesity in Children: A 3-Year Panel Study

Lee

Kang

et al. 2021

JPM

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From a pilot GWAS, seven MAP2K6 (MEK6) SNPs were significantly associated with resting metabolic rate (RMR) in obese children aged 8–9 years. The aim of this study was to investigate how RMR-linked MEK6 variation affected obesity in Korean children. With the follow-up students (77.9%) in the 3-year panel study, the changes of the variables associated with obesity (such as anthropometrics, blood biochemistry, and dietary intake) were collected. After the MEK6 SNPs were screened by Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 6.0, the genotyping of the seven MEK6 SNPs was performed via SNaPshot assay. As the prevalence of obesity (≥85th percentile) increased from 19.4% to 25.5%, the rates of change of the variables RMR, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and dietary intake (energy and carbohydrate intakes) increased. The rate of overweight/obesity was higher in all mutant alleles of the seven MEK6 SNPs than it was in the matched children without mutant alleles. However, over the 3-year study period, RMRs were only significantly increased by the mutants of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs996229 and rs756942, mainly related to male overweight/obesity as both WC and SBP levels increased. In the mutants of two of the SNPs, the odds ratio of overweight/obesity risk was six times higher in the highest tercile of fat intake and SBP than those of the lowest tercile. For personalized medicine to prevent pediatric obesity, SBP, WC, and dietary fat intake should be observed, particularly if boys have mutants of MEK6 SNPs, rs9916229, or rs756942.

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Secular Trends in Pediatric Overweight and Obesity in Korea

Cited by 63 publications

References 34 publications

Trajectories in glycated hemoglobin and body mass index in children and adolescents with diabetes using the common data model

Trajectories in glycated hemoglobin and body mass index in children and adolescents with diabetes using the common data model

Causal relationship between the timing of menarche and young adult body mass index with consideration to a trend of consistently decreasing age at menarche

RMR-Related MAP2K6 Gene Variation on the Risk of Overweight/Obesity in Children: A 3-Year Panel Study

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