Secular trends in physical fitness and body size in Lithuanian children and adolescents between 1992 and 2012

Venckūnas, Tomas; Emeljanovas, Arūnas; Miežienė, Brigita; Volbekienė, Vida

doi:10.1136/jech-2016-207307

Cited by 87 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A majority of the studies monitoring muscular fitness trends over time have focused on children. Most of these studies show a decreasing trend in muscular fitness, 10,11,[21][22][23] although, similar to the present study findings, no changes have also been observed, 24,25 while one study reported an increase. 26 Furthermore, the mean sit-up results were 37 reps/ min for 18-20 years Finnish men 7 and 34-38 repetitions in present 5-10 years older study sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Vaara

Santtila

Vasankari

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Introduction Physical fitness is strongly related to health and may offer valuable information about public health. We investigated trends in physical fitness, leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA), and anthropometry of young healthy adult Finnish men in representative population‐based samples between 2003 and 2015. Methods Three independent cross‐sectional samples of 18‐ to 35‐year‐old Finnish men were assessed in 2003 (n = 889), 2008 (n = 803), and 2015 (n = 690). Cardiorespiratory (VO2max) and muscular fitness (1‐minute sit‐ups and push‐ups), body mass, and height were measured. Self‐reported LTPA was assessed. Results After adjusting for age, education, and smoking, cardiorespiratory fitness was higher in 2003 (mean: 43.5, 95%CI: 42.9‐44.1 mL/kg/min) compared to 2008 (41.3, 95%CI: 40.7‐41.9 mL/kg/min) and 2015 (40.6, 95%CI: 40.0‐41.2 mL/kg/min) (P < .001), whereas no difference was observed between 2008 and 2015. The lowest values in muscular fitness were observed in 2003, while no clear trends were further noticed. The adjusted BMI was higher in 2008 (25.1, 95%CI: 24.9‐25.4) and 2015 (25.3, 95%CI: 25.3, 95%CI: 25.0‐25.6) compared to 2003 (24.5, 95%CI: 24.3‐24.8) (P < .005). In 2015, a higher proportion of individuals exercised at least four times per week compared to 2003 and 2008 (P < .05). Conclusion The decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness that took place between 2003 and 2008 plateaued after 2008. The plateau is in accordance with the previously observed trend of 5‐10 years younger Finnish men. Moreover, muscular fitness was for the most part higher in 2008 and 2015 compared to 2003. Efforts directed to promote regular physical activity and improve physical fitness are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Vaara

Santtila

Vasankari

et al. 2020

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…The magnitudes of these secular increases were broadly comparable in magnitude to those reported in other European children over the past two decades 7,9 . The combination of increases in both measures provide evidence for an overall increase in body size for children of this age which is evident from the year-olds from this affluent area 11 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…These findings suggest the influence of alternative factors, such as muscle mass, metabolic capacity or neural drive. Declines in sit-ups test performance have been reported previously 7,8,11 as have downward temporal trends in bent-arm hang 8 12 . Contrary trends in sit-ups performance have been reported in Greek 28 and Portuguese 9 children but, to our knowledge, no studies have reported improvements in bent-arm hang.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Temporal trends in muscular fitness of English 10-year-olds 1998–2014: An allometric approach

Sandercock

Cohen

2019

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport

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“…A negative trend in most aspects of physical fitness, as observed in school‐aged children over a 20‐year interval, is a worrying health trend all over the world and will compromise well‐being of future adults . Modern children have lower physical activity than the children of a decade ago as a result of less time being spent playing outdoors or active transport to school .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in physical activity over the lifespan: impact on body composition and sarcopenic obesity

Westerterp

2018

Obesity Reviews

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Physical activity and body composition show a typical pattern over the lifecycle. Fat-free mass and physical performance generally peak in early adulthood. Here, evidence for a relation between physical activity changes over the life span and the development of sarcopenic obesity is presented. Activity-induced energy expenditure increases with body size and physical activity during growth. The physical activity level, calculated by expressing total energy expenditure as a multiple of resting energy expenditure, gradually increases from early age to adulthood to decrease again in old age. Habitual physical activity has a significant effect on growth of fat-free mass during adolescence and thus on peak fat-free mass and physical performance in early adulthood. Older subjects have a lower fat-free mass and lower physical activity levels but there is no association, suggesting physical activity does not protect against loss of lean body mass at higher age. Prevention of sarcopenic obesity starts with a physically active lifestyle to develop a healthy peak fat-free mass and subsequent prevention of excess fat gain. The change from a physically active to a more sedentary routine in later life requires restriction of energy intake to maintain energy balance.

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Secular trends in physical fitness and body size in Lithuanian children and adolescents between 1992 and 2012

Cited by 87 publications

References 31 publications

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in young adult Finnish men between 2003 and 2015

Temporal trends in muscular fitness of English 10-year-olds 1998–2014: An allometric approach

Changes in physical activity over the lifespan: impact on body composition and sarcopenic obesity

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