Secular trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults in China from 1995 to 2014: A meta‐analysis

Abstract

Highlights• There was a trend for increased prevalence of T2DM in adults in China from 1995 to 2009, with a decrease from 2010 to 2014.• The increase in the prevalence of T2DM was greater for urban than rural areas, males than females, and older than younger adults.• Higher prevalence was observed in urban than rural populations, older than younger adults, and high AGDP than low AGDP areas.• Comprehensive and specific prevention interventions should be taken to respond to the emerging diabetes epidemic in China. Abstract Background: The aim of the present study was to estimate trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults in China. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for studies of T2DM prevalence in adults in China from 2000 to 2014. Pooled prevalence was calculated by a random-effects model. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Chi-squared and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to assess differences among subgroups and pooled prevalence, respectively. Results: Forty-six studies (data from 1995 to 2014; 1 463 079 adults) were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 7.9 %. The pooled prevalence overall and by location (urban and rural), gender (male and female), and age category (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59), and ≥60 years) was 4.5 %, 5.1 % and 3.0 %, 4.0 % and 4.2 %, and 1. 4 %, 5.0 %, and 10.3 %, respectively, from 1995 to 1999; 6.6 %, 9.3 % and 5.6 %, 7.4 % and 7.5 %, and 1.8 %, 5.9 %, and 12.4 %, respectively, from 2000 to 2004; 10.3 %, 11.8 % and 6.8 %, 10.0 % and 8.6 %, and 2.8 %, 10.3 %, and 20.0 %, respectively, from 2005 to 2009; and 8.3 %, 12.5 % and 7.6 %, 8.6 % and 8.0 %, and 3.5 %, 8.5 %, and 15.3 %, respectively, from 2010 to 2014. The prevalence increased from 5.8 % to 11.6 % with per-capita gross domestic product and differed by diagnostic criteria.Conclusions: There was a trend of increasing prevalence of T2DM in adults in China from 1995 to 2009, with a decrease in 2010-14 and a greater increase over time in urban versus rural areas, males versus females, and older versus younger adults.

Diabetes and cardiometabolic risk factors in Cambodia: Results from two screening studies

“…From relative poverty, it has become relatively affluent in many quarters. It was expected that diabetes would be more prevalent in Phnom Penh than in other parts of the country because it has been documented that the prevalence of diabetes is related to the degree of urbanization . Participants included 379 men and 546 women, for a response rate of 77%.…”

Prevalence and predictors of polypharmacy prescription among type 2 diabetes patients at a tertiary care department in Ningbo, China: A retrospective database study

“…We extracted the following independent variables from the database: age (18-39 years (younger age), 40-59 years (middle age) or �60 years (older age)) [25], sex (male or female), education (university/college, class 7-12, class 1-6 or no qualifications), occupation (manual workers (ie, more physical than mental work), non-manual workers (ie, more mental than physical work) or never worked/retired), marital status (married or single/divorced/widowed), residence (urban or rural based on the "hukou" system (ie, residence registration system in China)) [26], health insurance, smoking (current status), alcohol drinking (current status), duration of T2DM (�1 year, >1-5 years, >5-10 years or >10 years), blood glucose level (glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)-<7% (good) or �7% (poor)) [27]; estimated using the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, using the D-10 Hemoglobin Analyzer (Bio-Rad, USA)), length of hospital stay (�5 days, >5-10 days or >10 days) and comorbidities (ie, �1 comorbidities and were coded using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10 th revision (ICD-10)) [28]. The dependent variable extracted was prescribed medicines at discharge, which were coded using the World Health Organization's Anatomical Therapeutic and Chemical (ATC) Classification [29].…”

Global burden of diabetes: regional disparities in prevalence, incidence, and mortality

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