“…In the conventional GKA definition, a group of members interact to establish a common secret key within an open network. Since the publication of two-party Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange in 1976 [12], various solutions have been proposed to extend Diffie-Hellman key exchange to a multiparty key agreement [11,6,9,13,14,17,24,27,7,15,25,19,8,4,3,20,28,[21][22][23]16]. Most notable and best known among those proposals are the ITW protocols [19], BD protocols [8], d-cube protocols [4,3,20], CLIQUES [28], and tree-based protocols [21][22][23]16].…”