Secure and Time-Aware Communication of Wireless Sensors Monitoring Overhead Transmission Lines

Mazur, Katarzyna; Wydra, M.; Księżopolski, Bogdan

doi:10.3390/s17071610

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Such sensor stations are usually powered by a rechargeable battery during a normal line operation [11]. The measuring station typically communicates with the base station, using radio or other applicable wireless communication technology [18,19]. In the case of the measurements provided with a direct fiber-optic cable [14,16], the radio communication between sensor head and base station can be neglected.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Aware Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Line Sag and Temperature with LoRa Communication

et al. 2019

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The techniques of Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) for Overhead Transmission Line (OTL)’s are currently dynamically developed. DLR systems typically rely on weather, temperature, inclination, and current measurements to calculate tension and sag, where sensors need to be installed directly on wires. Such systems are very reliable and ensure high accuracy in determining maximum allowable current. However, their installation may require switching off the transmission line from the operation. In order to receive precise values regarding the actual operating conditions of the whole transmission line, DLR sensors measuring wire temperature or tension should be installed at many points of OTL. The minimum number of installation points should cover at least each tension section and critical spans, thereby increasing installation costs. The alternative method that allows for the monitoring of OTL is the use of the vision system based on cameras. Installed on the OTLs’ poles, cameras can take photos which, appropriately processed, can provide data about the sag and temperature of wires, without the necessity of switching OTL from the operation for installation or further maintenance. Such a vision system facilitates also data transmission, because it does not require measurement data to be transmitted from the sensor station installed on the wire to the base station located on the pole (for instance, via radio). This article aims to present the concept of a vision system that monitors sag and temperature of Overhead Transmission Lines (OTLs)’ using Long Range (LoRa) wireless communication and data transmission. The developed system consists of a camera and a microcomputer equipped with LoRa communication module. The whole system monitors OTLs’ spans by taking photos, processing images for wire sag-temperature estimation, and sending results to the operator’s Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA). The system communication architecture is also proposed and investigated for data transmission time when monitoring the whole OTL.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Aware Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Line Sag and Temperature with LoRa Communication

et al. 2019

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“…Mazur et al proposed a reconfigurable network model to find a trade-off between the security, performance and time delays for wireless network sensors. A developed smart grid model is used to identify the optimal positions of direct connections minimizing transmission delay, energy consumption and financial cost of sensors' arrangement [21].…”

Section: Iot Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

IoToF: A Long-Reach Fully Passive Low-Rate Upstream PHY for IoT over Fiber

et al. 2019

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Internet of things (IoT) devices heavily rely on wireless connectivity. There are intrinsic overlooked limitations such as reach, availability, security and safety vulnerabilities closely associated with wireless solutions. Wired connectivity is the alternative to tackle those issues, and optical fibers directly connecting IoT devices could provide them unique features such as huge bandwidth, long reach, signal integrity and high security grade for the transmitted information. Nevertheless, it can be prohibitive for IoT devices which are power hungry and have costly electrical-to-optical conversions. In this paper, first, a niche is identified for IoT over fiber (IoToF) based on fully passive optical solutions for long reach upstream of low data rate optical connectivity over dark fibers. Then, we proposed, implemented and characterized a prototype physical connectivity (PHY) based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) low-cost acousto-optic modulation at IoT devices and respective optical edge-filtering as wavelength discriminator at the receiver. Finally, we performed an experimental demonstration of upstream data communication based on simple M-ary frequency-shift keying (FSK), with baud rate of 300 bps transmitted over 30 km range. In terms of data rate and reach for niche applications, IoToF can outperform traditional wireless technologies, such as Sigfox or LoRa. IoToF will enable monitoring urban areas with scarce and polluted spectrum, industrial areas requiring intrinsic safety, and upstreaming data from IoT devices in remote locations with unfavorable wireless propagation but with dark fibers available.

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“…In recent years, some effort has been spent by power engineers and researchers to investigate the optimum operation scheme of the alternating current /direct current (AC/DC) hybrid power system, such as researching the transmission power limits with temperature [4][5][6]. The simplest approach is to treat HVDC transmissions as constant power injections or withdrawals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum Frequency and Voltage Stability Constrained Unit Commitment for AC/DC Transmission Systems

Zhang

Zhou

2019

Applied Sciences

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An increased use of the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technologies can have important effects on frequency performance and voltage stability of the receiving-end grid during normal operation as well as during blocking failure. The main reasons are the inherent characteristics of the HVDC such as its much larger capacity than thermal plants and lack of voltage supporting ability to the alternating current (AC) grid. These has led to new challenges for AC/direct current (DC) power grid operators in terms of ensuring power system security. To address these challenges, a unit commitment (UC) of the receiving-end in the AC/DC hybrid grid is presented in this paper. In the proposed model, primary frequency modulation constraints are added to provide sufficient capacity for HVDC blocking. Besides, grid security constraint after secondary frequency regulation is also considered because HVDC blocking failure would cause large range power transfer and transmission lines overload. Meanwhile, voltage stability constraints are employed to guarantee enough voltage supporting capacity from thermal plants at the HVDC feed-in area. Based on the characteristics of the model, Benders decomposition and mixed integer programming algorithm are used to get the optimal transmission power of the HVDC and schedule of thermal units. The study is done by considering the IEEE-39 and Jiangsu power grid in eastern China, containing two HVDC transmission projections respectively. The results are also validated by simulation of different HVDC blocking failure scenarios.

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Secure and Time-Aware Communication of Wireless Sensors Monitoring Overhead Transmission Lines

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Time-Aware Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Line Sag and Temperature with LoRa Communication

Time-Aware Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Line Sag and Temperature with LoRa Communication

IoToF: A Long-Reach Fully Passive Low-Rate Upstream PHY for IoT over Fiber

Minimum Frequency and Voltage Stability Constrained Unit Commitment for AC/DC Transmission Systems

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