Secure Integration of Electric Vehicles with the Power Grid

Abstract

This paper focuses on the secure integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), especially pluggable electric vehicles (EVs), with the power grid. We consider the vehicle-togrid (V2G) system where EVs are connected to the power grid through an 'aggregator' 1 . In this paper, we propose a novel Cyber-Physical Anomaly Detection Engine that monitors system behavior and detects anomalies almost instantaneously (worst case inspection time for a packet is 0.165 seconds 2 ). This detection engine ensures that the critical power grid component (viz.,aggregator) remains secure by monitoring (a) cyber messages for various state changes and data constraints along with (b) power data on the V2G cyber network using power measurements from sensors on the physical/power distribution network. Since the V2G system is time-sensitive, the anomaly detection engine also monitors the timing requirements of the protocol messages to enhance the safety of the aggregator. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first piece of work that combines (a) the EV charging/discharging protocols, the (b) cyber network and (c) power measurements from physical network to detect intrusions in the EV to power grid system.

Enhancing the Spatio-temporal Observability of Grid-Edge Resources in Distribution Grids

“…D-PMUs have been placed at the feeder head and some other locations along the feeder. As for the smart meter data, it was obtained by the averaging over every 15-minute window as in (1). We used the ±0.2% accuracy from the ANSI C12.20 Standard [36] to randomly generate uniformlydistributed additive noise for every smart meter measurement.…”

“…Electrical vehicles (EVs) and renewable generation owned by residential customers and aggregators lead to growing dynamics in distribution systems. High-resolution dynamic profiles of residential loads have been advocated for validating EV charging commands [1] and photovoltaic (PV) inverter control settings [2]. In addition, the instantaneous total heating/cooling loads and solar PV generation within a feeder are useful for designing protection systems and demand response programs [3], [4].…”

Power Grids as Complex Networks: Resilience and Reliability Analysis

“…In addition, demand-side ancillary services for voltage and frequency regulations are under development [166][167][168]. Besides supply-load balancing, a reliable distribution grid requires advanced data-driven algorithms for detection of anomalies and illegal consumers [169,170].…”

A Study on Electric Vehicle to Grid Implementation

“…V2G can also provide the back-power support for the renewable energy & reduce intermittency during efficient integration of power production to the grid. [7] Niddodi, C. et al [8] has proposed a novel Cyber-Physical Anomaly Detection Engine that monitors system behavior & detect anomalies almost instantaneously. Since the V2G system is time-sensitive the anomaly detection engine also monitors the timing requirements of the protocol message to enhance the safety of the aggregator.…”