Secure Message Embedding in 3D Images

Elsherif, Salma; Mostafa, Ghadir; Farrag, Sara; Alexan, Wassim

doi:10.1109/itce.2019.8646685

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In [24], the authors used a simple algorithm where the decimal representation of the secret data is concealed in the value of the x-coordinate. Using four layers of security, the authors in [25], propose to conceal the information in a geometrical domain-based technique. The first layer involves the encryption of the message using AES-128.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Girdhar et al [27] Hiding utilizing difference shifting 2019 Salma et al [25] Embedding in 4th and 5th decimal places after the decimal point of the vertices of polygons 2022 Mostafa et al [14] Hiding in the x, y, and z coordinates of a vertex utilizing Gray code sequence 2023 Proposed technique Embedding in the binary representation of the x-, and y-coordinates using Gray code sequence Authors Encryption Embedding location Blind Thiyagarajan et al [21] No Vertices Yes Anish et al [24] No Vertices Yes Girdhar et al [27] No Vertices Yes Sara et al [23] Yes Polygon Yes Sara et al [15] No Vertices Yes Mostafa et al […”

Section: Comparative Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Secured Gray-Code-Based Steganographic Technique in Geometrical-Based Domain

Alkhamese,

Elgawalby,

Hanafy

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The past decades witness a tremendous exchange in data and information in almost all domains. This leads to the need for applying data security to ensure information safety during communication. One of the main used technique is the steganography. Steganography is a technique that involves hiding information within objects, such as images, audio, video, and 3D objects, without leaving any noticeable alterations. We propose a 3D steganographic technique that increases security using Gray code sequence and a Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique. We construct the 64-binary representation for the 3D cover-object. A Gray code sequence is utilized to define the vertices that will be utilized for embedding the secret message. The binary representation of the secret message is to be hidden in the least significant bits of either the x-or the y-coordinates of the defined vertices. The least significant bits, are the last two bits in the binary representation of the vertex coordinates. Exploitation the binary representation, gives us the capability of increasing the data security, and the data capacity. The proposed steganographic technique has been evaluated through multiple evaluation metrics to assess its performance; including Mean Square Error Ratio (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Normalized Correlation (NC). Experimental results, show that the security level of the proposed technique is superior comparing to several existed techniques. Moreover, when testing against some common attacks such as the noise, the median, the Gaussian and the Laplacian filters; the results show the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed technique.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Secured Gray-Code-Based Steganographic Technique in Geometrical-Based Domain

Alkhamese,

Elgawalby,

Hanafy

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…These polynomial equation will be multiplied by its modulo x 8 +x 4 +x 3 +x 1 +x 0 as shown in Fig. 5 [18].…”

Section: Fig 2 Aes Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Encryption Standard Using Fpga Overnetwork

Hasan¹,

Mohammed

Ameer

2021

Eureka: PE

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The increase number of eavesdropping or cracker to attack the information and hack the privacy of people. So, the essential issue is making system capable of ciphering information with rapid speed. Due to the advance in computer eavesdropping and cracker that made them to analysis the way of ciphering in rapid speed way. The development in the computer especially in the rapid processer in the last decade create the breaching of any system is a matter of time. Owing to most of breaching ways are based on analysis of system that requireы to be breached and to try brute force on that system to crack it. However, the lacking of influential processers that are capable of breaching system since earlier processors are limit to number of instructions. It can be done in second, which was not sufficient trying to break the system using brute force. In addition, the time required is far away from getting valuable messages in the time that needed. So, the research gives the focus on performing rapid system for ciphering the information rapidly and changing the ciphering every few milliseconds. The changing of ciphering in every millisecond helps system form preventing the eavesdropping and cracker from imposing brute force on the system and hacking the messages and images. The system that created is based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), which is it very best performing algorithm in ciphering and deciphering since it doesn’t need complex mathematical formula. The research is about designing system that capable of performing AES by using high processer designed on Field programmable gate Area (FPGA). The ciphering of AES using FPGA helps minimize the time required to cipher the information. Also, the research will focus on ciphering and deciphering of images by AES using FPGA

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“…Average MSE was calculated as 0.30 and PSNR as 53 dB. The average concealing time was calculated approximately equal to 500 s [63].…”

Section: D Steganography In Spatial Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of 3D Steganography Techniques

et al. 2021

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Steganography has become a preferred technique these days to successfully hide secret messages. Various research has been done in the past to justify and analyze suitable types of cover file, such as images, audio, videos, etc. Advancement in the image-processing domain has opened various possibilities of using three-dimensional (3D) images as cover files. In this paper, a systematic study of the research work done on 3D steganography in the last fifteen years has been carried out. The study is divided into different sections based on the types of algorithms used, additional security features, evaluation parameters, etc. Moreover, certain steganalysis techniques that are applicable for 3D steganography are also discussed.

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Secure Message Embedding in 3D Images

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Secured Gray-Code-Based Steganographic Technique in Geometrical-Based Domain

Secured Gray-Code-Based Steganographic Technique in Geometrical-Based Domain

Advanced Encryption Standard Using Fpga Overnetwork

An Analysis of 3D Steganography Techniques

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