Secure On-Off Transmission in UAV Relay-Assisted mmWave Networks

Ma, Ruiqian; Yang, Weiwei; Zhang, Yu; Wang, Songqing

doi:10.3390/app9194138

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Especially, the status of a link is on/off when the LoS is cleared/obstructed. The problem of on/off analysis of wireless links is extensively studied under the context of mmWave and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) networks [54,55,56,57,58], where the link is blocked by randomly spatially distributed obstacles. However, in the case ocean-surface WSN, which is the focus of this dissertation, we deal with the continuum of obstacles, i.e., the ocean waves, which not only can block the link, but they also affect the positions of the sensors.…”

Section: Our Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link Stability Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Over the Ocean Surface

Shahanaghi

Yang

Buehrer

2020

2020 17th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)

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Ocean-surface Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are essential in various thalassic applications, such as maritime communication, ocean monitoring, seawater examination, pollution detection, etc. Formed by simple structured sensor nodes, ocean-surface WSN can improve the data transmission rate, enhance the monitoring resolution, expand the geographical coverage, extend the observation period, and lower the cost compared to the vessel-based monitoring approaches. Despite the importance and the broad applications of ocean-surface WSNs, little is known about the stability of the wireless links among the sensors. Especially, research suffers from the lack of an accurate model that describes the environmnetal effects, including the ocean surface movements and the wind speed on the link stability. The inappropriate understanding of link stability can result in network protocols that are not robust to environmental interruptions. Such a shortcoming decreases the network reliability and degrades the accuracy of the network planning. To compensate for this shortcoming, in this dissertation, we provide a thorough analysis on the stability of the wireless links over the ocean. In particular, we investigate and capture the effects of ocean waves on the link stability through the following steps. First, we use the linear wave theory and obtain a novel stochastic model of Line-of-Sight (LoS) links over the ocean based on the realistic behavior of ocean waves. Second, we present and prove an important theorem on the level-crossing of Wide Sense Stationary (WSS) random processes, and combine that with our stochastic model of LoS links to study two important indicators of link stability, i.e., the blockage probability and the blockage and connectivity periods. The former indicates the probability that a LoS link is blocked by the ocean waves while the latter determines the duration of on/off periods of the LoS links over the ocean. The aforementioned stability parameters directly affect different stages of network design, such as choosing the antenna height, planning the sensors' deployment distances, determining the packet length, designing the retransmission and scheduling strategies in the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols and transport layer protocols, selecting the fragmentation threshold in Internet Protocol (IP), etc., which will be discussed in the respective chapters. In the last part of our dissertation, we investigate the problem of linear prediction of ocean waves, which has special importance in the design of ocean-surface WSNs. In this regard, we first introduce a low-complexity metric for effectiveness of k-step-ahead linear prediction, which we refer to as efficiency curve. The significance of efficiency curve becomes evident when we decide upon the number of previous samples in the linear prediction model, and determine the extent to which the predictor forecasts the future. After efficiency curve, we formulate an adaptive Wiener filter to predict the ocean waves and adapt the prediction model according to the en...

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Section: Our Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Link Stability Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Over the Ocean Surface

Shahanaghi

Yang

Buehrer

2020

2020 17th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking (SECON)

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“…Due to its widely available spectrum resources, integrating millimeter wave (mmWave) technique into UAV networks has been a potential solution to address the spectrum crunch [14][15][16][17][18]. The 3D mmWave antenna gain from UAV to ground nodes is first proposed in [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors of [17] investigated the secrecy performance of mmWave communications assisted by multiple UAV-enabled relays and jammers. Furthermore, the on-off transmission strategy was designed in [18] to evaluate the performance under the effect of beam alignment error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Transmission of mmWave NOMA UAV-Assisted Relay System against Randomly Located Eavesdroppers

Diao

Wang

Cao

et al. 2022

Security and Communication Networks

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UAV wireless communication has been regarded as a promising technology in the fifth-generation (5G) networks. In this paper, we consider the security of the mmWave NOMA UAV-assisted relay system, where a ground source transmits messages to two types of authorized users assisted by a UAV relay in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. A practical probabilistic line-of-sight (LoS) channel model with Nakagami- m small-scale fading and three-dimensional (3D) antenna gain is established to describe the mmWave air-to-ground channel. In addition, to improve the security of the system, cooperative jamming and protected zone strategies are introduced. The analytical expressions of connection outage probability (COP), secrecy outage probability (SOP), and effective secrecy throughput (EST) under the NOMA scheme and cooperative jamming NOMA scheme are derived. Also, the asymptotic SOP and EST are analyzed to gain further insights. The theoretic analysis and simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. As the transmitting power of the source and UAV relay increases, the SOP depends only on the location distribution and density of eavesdroppers and the ESTs under different schemes converge to the same floor.

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A Decoupled Access Scheme With Reinforcement Learning Power Control for Cellular-Enabled UAVs

Shi

Hamdan

Alsusa

et al. 2021

IEEE Internet Things J.

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This paper proposes a downlink/uplink decoupled (DUDe) access scheme for cellular-enabled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication systems. To minimise interference, the proposed scheme separates the control and data links of UAVs, as well as the uplinks (ULs) and downlinks (DLs) of ground users (GUEs), onto different serving base-stations and operating frequencies. Since power availability is a major constraint in UAV communications, two power allocation schemes based on Q-learning (QL) and deep Q-learning (DQL) are proposed to optimize the communication energy-efficiency (EE) of this DUDe network. To quantify the improvements achieved, the proposed schemes are compared with the fractional power control (FPC) scheme used in 4G and 5G networks, as well as, a convex optimization based optimal power allocation scheme. The results demonstrate that the proposed DUDe scheme can achieve up to several times higher sum-rates and EE in the UL direction than its coupled counterparts. Moreover, it is shown that the EE performance of the QL and DQL power allocation schemes approach the optimal performance and surpass the conventional FPC scheme by 80% − 100% in the UHF band, and by 160% − 170% in the mmWave band.

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Secure On-Off Transmission in UAV Relay-Assisted mmWave Networks

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Link Stability Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Over the Ocean Surface

Link Stability Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Over the Ocean Surface

Secure Transmission of mmWave NOMA UAV-Assisted Relay System against Randomly Located Eavesdroppers

A Decoupled Access Scheme With Reinforcement Learning Power Control for Cellular-Enabled UAVs

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