Secure Open Federation of IoT Platforms Through Interledger Technologies - The SOFIE Approach

Abstract

The lack of interoperability among IoT platforms has led to a fragmented environment, where the users and society as a whole suffer from lock-ins, lack of privacy, and reduced functionality. This paper presents SOFIE, a solution for federating the existing IoT platforms in an open and secure manner using Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs) and without requiring modifications to the IoT platforms, and describes how SOFIE is used to enable two complex real life pilots: food supply chain tracking from field to fork and electricity distribution grid balancing with guided electrical vehicle (EV) charging. SOFIE's main contribution is to provide interoperability between IoT systems while also enabling new functionality and business models.

Survey on Identity and Access Management for Internet of Things

“…In [99], the author utilizes fog devices of different platforms to perform the authentication and authorization, which can significantly reduce the delay of those functions and the flexibility of the IAM as a whole. Lastly, when we observe DLT-based IAMs [107,23,108], it still in the early stages, with several workings being published recently. However, since that DLT already showed its potential to be used to a wide range of applications and data.…”

“…Technologies -The SOFIE Approach Lagutin et al [108] present SOFIE, which is a solution for federating the existing IoT platforms openly and securely using Distributed Ledger Technologies. The authors determine that most IoT platforms and systems are centralized and unable to exchange data among themselves or perform actions across each other.…”

“…Some works, like [99], avoids this centricity by employing fog computing nodes in their IAM system, to deal with the IAMs in a distributed manner, which can be more appropriate when dealing with IoT. However, some works like [107,23,108] take it to another level and employes the DLT as the main technology behind their IAM. While this may offer the maximum scalability and decentralism, the computational power needed to employ this technology may not fit all IoT devices.…”

“…However, in practice, the DLT demands high computational and energy resources, which makes them unfitting for IoT devices, since most of then are limited in both aspects. Many works rely on centralized devices, which act as central authorities to IoT devices, such as the "Miner" [23] and the private DLT host [108]. Therefore, while the self-sovereign aims to remove any authority for the IAM system, it ends up creating local centralization hosts, which goes in the opposite direction of the main idea of the self-sovereign IAM.…”

An Artificial Intelligence-Based Collaboration Approach in Industrial IoT Manufacturing: Key Concepts, Architectural Extensions and Potential Applications

“…Optimal usage of the available resources has to be realized, while guaranteeing strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements such as high data rates, ultra-low latency and jitter [ 14 , 15 ]. In this context, AI is critical to the cybersecurity aspect of an IIoT-enabled connected manufacturing environment, for accurately detecting and mitigating threats [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. At the same time, introducing AI will lead to a more productive and safer working space, relieving human workers from routine procedures and employing intelligent machines and robots to perform heavy tasks, thus allowing human workers to focus on creativity, reasoning and decision making [ 20 , 21 ].…”