Securing Compatibility of Carbon Border Adjustments With the Multilateral Climate and Trade Regimes

Durán, Gracia Marín

doi:10.1017/s0020589322000501

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…At the national level, the 27 EU member states and the EU-ETS countries (regions) other than the EU member states (Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland) are divided into two groups due to the fact that they are classified as exempted countries (regions) by the EU CBAM [38]. Developing countries dominated by carbon-intensive product exports and countries (regions) with high energy consumption are more vulnerable to the impact of the EU CBAM and are treated as separate groups.…”

Section: Data Source and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on China’s Exports to the EU

Zhu,

Zhao,

Zheng

2024

Energies

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The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which is regarded as the EU’s key policy tool to address carbon leakage, might have a non-negligible impact on China’s exports, as China is an important trading partner for the EU’s carbon-intensive products. This paper uses the GTAP-E model to simulate the impact of the EU CBAM on China’s exports to the EU from four aspects, export price, trade structure, trade value and terms of trade, by setting up multiple scenarios. The results show that the EU CBAM reduces the export prices of China’s taxed sectors to the EU, and that the export prices of other sectors show the same change characteristics. The export volume of China’s taxed sectors decreases differently with the export transfer effect and export inhibition effect. In terms of trade value, the EU carbon tariffs not only reduce China’s export value but also lead to a reduction in EU exports. The implementation of the EU CBAM improves the terms of trade of the EU and worsens the terms of trade of China. An expansion of the scope of taxation and a change in the calculation method of carbon emissions would aggravate the change in the terms of trade. The results suggest that feasible measures should be taken to strengthen international cooperation, promote the construction of a unified national carbon market and export diversification, and establish a firm carbon emission accounting system in order to mitigate the negative impact of the EU CBAM.

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Section: Data Source and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on China’s Exports to the EU

Zhu,

Zhao,

Zheng

2024

Energies

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“…In case the exemption exclusively to the GHG emissions released on voyages from/to the port of a developing country, additional avoidance strategies could become available, such as changing the order of port of calls to reach an exempted port before calling at a non-exempted one. 115 Research on the EU ETS suggests that such avoidance strategies could become profitable even at moderate carbon price levels of about €25-30 per tonne of carbon. 116 This research suggests that the risk of avoidance strategies cannot be discounted even if the exemption is partial.…”

Section: Exemptions From the Imo Ghg Pricing Instruments And Wto Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon pricing for international shipping, equity, and WTO law

Dominioni

2024

Rev Euro Comp Intl Enviro

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The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is working on the adoption of a greenhouse gas (GHG) pricing instrument to decarbonise international shipping. This article analyses whether World Trade Organization (WTO) law can limit the implementation of an IMO GHG pricing instrument. In particular, it breaks new ground by analysing the compatibility of current proposals tabled at the IMO with the General Agreement on Trade in Services and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. In addition, it analyses whether WTO law limits the IMO's ability to adopt a GHG pricing instrument that addresses equity concerns via the implementation of exemptions for developing countries, Least Developed Countries, and Small Islands Developing States.

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“…It also partly responds to EU industry competitiveness concerns about ensuring that EU industries are not unfairly penalized under the ETS. Concerns have been raised, however, over CBAM's compatibility with international law, including the Paris Agreement and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities (Marín Durán, 2023).…”

Section: Egd: Breaking With Previous Patterns?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three decades of EU climate policy: Racing toward climate neutrality?

Dupont,

Moore,

Boasson

et al. 2023

WIREs Climate Change

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The European Union (EU) began developing climate policy in the 1990s. Since then, it has built up a broad portfolio of mitigation policy measures and governance tools, including legally binding targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and policy measures addressing emissions trading, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and more. In 2019, the European Commission—the EU's executive arm—published the European Green Deal (EGD), an overarching policy framework to achieve the goal of climate neutrality by 2050. The EGD aims to push EU climate policy and governance far beyond incremental policy development. In this article, we ask: does the EGD represent a break from past patterns of EU climate governance? We argue that it maintains several past patterns, but nevertheless breaks from other established policy and governance trends. We review insights from politicization and new institutionalist theoretical lenses to help us understand these findings. We reveal certain tensions and challenges inherent in the EU's climate governance approach—around speed and coherence, effectiveness and just transition—that highlight future research needs, and raise questions about the EU's ability to implement its climate policy goals.This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance

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Securing Compatibility of Carbon Border Adjustments With the Multilateral Climate and Trade Regimes

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

The Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on China’s Exports to the EU

The Impact of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism on China’s Exports to the EU

Carbon pricing for international shipping, equity, and WTO law

Three decades of EU climate policy: Racing toward climate neutrality?

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