Securing IoT-Blockchain Applications Through Honesty-Based Distributed Proof of Authority Consensus Algorithm

Alrubei, Subhi; Ball, Edward; Rigelsford, Jon

doi:10.1109/cybersa52016.2021.9478257

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For this reason, a new blockchain platform, including bespoke transaction and block-header formats, has been designed, developed, and implemented. In terms of the consensus mechanism, we utilized our own consensus protocol called honestybased distributed proof of authority (HDPoA), which we previously published in [22]. The blockchain platform can utilize the resources of all the available IoT devices.…”

Section: B Blockchain Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All other nodes should make themselves available for the mining tasks. More details can be found in [22] regarding how HDPoA works.…”

Section: B Blockchain Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both cases, the platform can manage this node. First, the block-mining process is performed by multiple unrelated WNs; second, other ANs on the network only add and validate a new block produced by the elected miners (see [22] for more detail). If such a block is not valid, then the node that produced the block will be eliminated from the AN category, and it will have to build its trust from zero.…”

Section: Malicious Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any node that joins the blockchain for the first time will join as a WN and then build its own honesty level until it can be promoted to the AN category. The full details of how HDPoA works can be found in [22].…”

Section: A Blockchain Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Secure Blockchain Platform for Supporting AI-Enabled IoT Applications at the Edge Layer

Alrubei

Ball

Rigelsford³

2022

IEEE Access

Self Cite

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In this study, a new blockchain protocol and a novel architecture that integrates the advantages offered by edge computing, artificial intelligence (AI), IoT end-devices, and blockchain were designed, developed, and validated. This new architecture has the ability to monitor the environment, collect data, analyze it, process it using an AI-expert engine, provide predictions and actionable outcomes, and finally share it on a public blockchain platform. For the use-case implementation, the pandemic caused by the wide and rapid spread of the novel coronavirus COVID-19 was used to test and evaluate the proposed system. Recently, various authors have traced the virus spread in sewage water and studied how it can be used as a tracking system. Early warning notifications can allow governments and organizations to take appropriate actions at the earliest stages possible. The system was validated experimentally using 14 Raspberry Pis, and the results and analyses proved that the system is able to utilize low-cost and low-power flexible IoT hardware at the processing layer to detect COVID-19 and predict its spread using the AI engine, with an accuracy of 95%, and share the outcome over the blockchain platform. This is accomplished when the platform is secured by the honesty-based distributed proof of authority (HDPoA) and without any substantial impact on the devices' power sources, as there was only a power consumption increase of 7% when the Raspberry Pi is used for blockchain mining and 14% when used to produce an AI prediction.

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Section: B Blockchain Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All other nodes should make themselves available for the mining tasks. More details can be found in [22] regarding how HDPoA works.…”

Section: B Blockchain Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Malicious Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Blockchain Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Secure Blockchain Platform for Supporting AI-Enabled IoT Applications at the Edge Layer

Alrubei

Ball

Rigelsford³

2022

IEEE Access

Self Cite

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“…Although reducing some decentralization may have an impact on security [12], a consortium chain still reduces the verification burden and transaction cost to improve the handling capacity and providing more flexible blockchain structures. Commonly used consensus strategies include Paxos [13], RAFT [14], PoA (Proof of Authority) [15], Ripple [16], etc. In consortium chain， there are different permission levels to control the access permission of nodes, so that the consortium chain can provide a higher level of privacy protection [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Cross-Chain Technology: Challenges, Development, and Prospect

et al. 2023

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With the continuous development of blockchain technology, many blockchain applications, such as digital currencies in the form of tokens, are deployed. However, due to the lack of data and value inter-blockchain transmission methods, these chain applications form many data islands. Therefore, crosschain technology is proposed and applied in distributed transaction platforms, digital finance, e-government and many other different fields. Although cross-chain technology just started, the cross-chain technology and its applications are gradually improving to meet the development needs of blockchain system. At the same time, they have already realized asset transfers across heterogeneous blockchains and platforms, and some projects have realized cross-chain information exchange. At present, cross-chain technology includes the following typical methods: Hash-locking, Notary scheme, Distributed private key control, Sidechains/Relays and Tight coupling. This paper analyzes the above methods from the aspect of techniques, security requirements, and technical limitation, and compares their applicability. With public blockchains and consortium blockchains, this paper analyzes their problems and challenges in cross-chain technology and introduces the main approaches of existing solutions. By analyzing the existing cross-chain technologies and problems, this paper further introduces eight popular cross-chain projects and their application prospects. Finally, this paper summarizes and proposes the future research topics and development trends of cross-chain technology.

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Blockchain in Data Security and Transparency in Business Transactions

Verma,

Dhanda

2024

Decentralized Systems and Distributed Computing

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Securing IoT-Blockchain Applications Through Honesty-Based Distributed Proof of Authority Consensus Algorithm

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Securing IoT-blockchain applications through honesty-based distributed proof of authority consensus algorithm.

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

A Secure Blockchain Platform for Supporting AI-Enabled IoT Applications at the Edge Layer

A Secure Blockchain Platform for Supporting AI-Enabled IoT Applications at the Edge Layer

A Survey on Cross-Chain Technology: Challenges, Development, and Prospect

Blockchain in Data Security and Transparency in Business Transactions

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