Securing Real-Time Internet-of-Things

Chen, Chien-Ying; Hasan, Monowar; Mohan, Sibin

doi:10.3390/s18124356

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The term RT-IoT is getting recognition in embedded IoT systems [2,5], as it refers to real-time systems in IoT. RT-IoT devices often have limited resources and require control tasks to be executed within milliseconds.…”

Section: Challenges In Embedded Iot Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Emergency First Intelligent Scheduling Algorithm for Efficient Task Management and Scheduling in Hybrid of Hard Real-Time and Soft Real-Time Embedded IoT Systems

et al. 2019

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Industrial revolution is advancing, and the augmented role of autonomous technology and embedded Internet of Things (IoT) systems is at its vanguard. In autonomous technology, real-time systems and real-time computing are of core importance. It is crucial for embedded IoT devices to respond in real-time; along with fulfilling all the constraints. Many combinations for existing approaches have been proposed with different trade-offs between the resources constraints and tasks dropping rate. Hence, it highlights the significance of a task scheduler which not only takes care of complex nature task input; but also maximizes the CPU throughput. A complex nature task input is when combinations of hard real-time tasks and soft real-time tasks, with different priorities and urgency measures, arrive at the scheduler. In this work, we propose a custom tailored adaptive and intelligent scheduling algorithm for the efficient execution and management of hard and soft real time tasks in embedded IoT systems. The proposed scheduling algorithm aims to distribute the CPU resources fairly to the possibly starving, in overloaded cases, soft real-time tasks while focusing on the execution of high priority hard real-time tasks as its primary objective. The proposal is achieved with the help of two intelligent measures; Urgency Measure (UM) and Failure Measure (FM). The proposed mechanism reduces the rate of tasks missed and the rate of tasks starved, by utilizing the free CPU units for maximum CPU utilization and quick response times. We have performed comparisons of our proposed scheme based on performance metrics as percentage of task instances missed, number of tasks with missed instances, and tasks starvation rate to evaluate the CPU utilization. We first compare our proposed approach with multiple traditional and combined scheduling approaches, and then we evaluate the effect of intelligent modules by comparing the intelligent FEF with non-intelligent FEF. We also evaluate the proposed algorithm in contrast to the most commonly-used hybrid scheduling scheme in embedded systems. The results show that the proposed algorithm out performs the other algorithms, by significantly reducing the task starvation rate and increasing the CPU utilization.

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Section: Challenges In Embedded Iot Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Emergency First Intelligent Scheduling Algorithm for Efficient Task Management and Scheduling in Hybrid of Hard Real-Time and Soft Real-Time Embedded IoT Systems

et al. 2019

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“…The usefulness of results (say the performance of the actuators) produced by the system drops after the passage of a deadline. Some of the common properties and assumptions related to RT systems include [1]: (i) periodic/sporadic execution of set of tasks 1 , (ii) strict timing and safety requirements, (iii) well-characterized execution time (e.g., execution times in the worst-case are known for all loops), (iv) limited resources (e.g., memory, processing power and energy).…”

Section: Rt-iot Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enhancing security in time-critical cyber-physical systems is an active research area (see the related survey [1]). Perhaps the closest line of work to ours is PROTC [31] where a monitor in the SW enforces secure access control policy (given by the control center) for some peripherals of the drone and ensures that only authorized applications can access certain peripherals.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting Actuators in Safety-Critical IoT Systems from Control Spoofing Attacks

Hasan

Mohan

2019

Proceedings of the 2nd International ACM Workshop on Security and Privacy for the Internet-of-Things

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In this paper, we propose a framework called Contego-TEE to secure Internet-of-Things (IoT) edge devices with timing requirements from control spoofing attacks where an adversary sends malicious control signals to the actuators. We use a trusted computing base available in commodity processors (such as ARM TrustZone) and propose an invariant checking mechanism to ensure the security and safety of the physical system. A working prototype of Contego-TEE was developed using embedded Linux kernel. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach for a robotic vehicle running on an ARM-based platform.

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“…In IoT applications, sometimes the interaction among IoT edge nodes has real-time requirements, and thus their behaviour needs to be determined, and the deadline must be formally proved beforehand. In the research by Chen [18], it has been said that the tasks which edge nodes need to be scheduled and deployed on smart objects in the same fashion as in conventional real-time systems. In conventional real-time systems, task scheduling is regarded as a trivial issue, and thus many studies conducted for conventional real-time systems can be appropriated in real-time IoT applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, soft real-time systems such as streaming applications are supported by many existing IoT platforms [19,20]. Recently, the term RT-IoT was introduced by Chen et al to address the associated challenges of both soft and hard real-time systems [18]. Specialised operating systems are developed to support real-time applications requirements in IoT based embedded systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Design of a Formal Verification and Evaluation Tool of Real-Time Tasks Scheduling of IoT Applications

et al. 2019

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Real-Time Internet of Things (RT-IoT) is a newer technology paradigm envisioned as a global inter-networking of devices and physical things enabling real-time communication over the Internet. The research in Edge Computing and 5G technology is making way for the realisation of future IoT applications. In RT-IoT tasks will be performed in real-time for the remotely controlling and automating of various jobs and therefore, missing their deadline may lead to hazardous situations in many cases. For instance, in the case of safety-critical and mission-critical IoT systems, a missed task could lead to a human loss. Consequently, these systems must be simulated, as a result, and tasks should only be deployed in a real scenario if the deadline is guaranteed to be met. Numerous simulation tools are proposed for traditional real-time systems using desktop technologies, but these relatively older tools do not adapt to the new constraints imposed by the IoT paradigm. In this paper, we design and implement a cloud-based novel architecture for the formal verification of IoT jobs and provide a simulation environment for a typical RT-IoT application where the feasibility of real-time remote tasks is perceived. The proposed tool, to the best of our knowledge, is the first of its kind effort to support not only the feasibility analysis of real-time tasks but also to provide a real environment in which it formally monitors and evaluates different IoT tasks from anywhere. Furthermore, it will also act as a centralised server for evaluating and tracking the real-time scheduled jobs in a smart space. The novelty of the platform is purported by a comparative analysis with the state-of-art solutions against attributes which is vital for any open-source tools in general and IoT in specifics.

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Securing Real-Time Internet-of-Things

Cited by 32 publications

References 64 publications

An Adaptive Emergency First Intelligent Scheduling Algorithm for Efficient Task Management and Scheduling in Hybrid of Hard Real-Time and Soft Real-Time Embedded IoT Systems

An Adaptive Emergency First Intelligent Scheduling Algorithm for Efficient Task Management and Scheduling in Hybrid of Hard Real-Time and Soft Real-Time Embedded IoT Systems

Protecting Actuators in Safety-Critical IoT Systems from Control Spoofing Attacks

Towards the Design of a Formal Verification and Evaluation Tool of Real-Time Tasks Scheduling of IoT Applications

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