Security bounds for decoy-state quantum key distribution with arbitrary photon-number statistics

Foletto, Giulio; Picciariello, Francesco; Agnesi, Costantino; Villoresi, Paolo; Vallone, Giuseppe

doi:10.1103/physreva.105.012603

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For quantitative assessment of the PNS attack, a comparison is made between the theoretically calculated system error by considering the statistical estimate of the system parameters and the experimentally determined total error in communication. A parameter 𝓀 is defined for the purpose and is evaluated using the equation (33). It is ultimately used to determine the fractional error in communication and, in turn, the rate of failure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation-assisted decoy state QKD protocol with self-checking mechanism

Banerjee,

Maiti,

Saha

2024

Preprint

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Ideal quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols require perfect single photon sources, detectors, and lossless channels. However, the present technology cannot ensure all of the requirements. Among the variants of practical QKD schemes, decoy state QKD in its present form approaches nearly the theoretical security. In any decoy state method, a compromise is made between the security of the key distribution and the rate of key generation by optimizing the two major protocol parameters: the number of decoy states and their relative intensities, and the length of the data string as well. Use of more number of decoy states and higher range of intensities though improve security, their optimization becomes too complex. Therefore, from practical consideration, some restrictions are to be imposed on the choice of decoy states and their intensities. In addition, the treatment of correlations among the laser pulses in security analysis is not fully understood. Normally, lack of correlations or randomness among the signal states is considered to gain security, but, in a different approach, described in the proposed protocol, additional correlation is introduced to improve key generation rate without compromising security. To do that, a one-way function is shared among the legitimate users to provide a semi-random choice of bases depending on the outcome of the receiver’s detector. The initial communication is made through a set of bits with predefined bases and intensity distribution. Then, with the help of the positive outcome of the receiver’s detector, the basis set as well as the length of the bit string for subsequent communications are computed. This results in correlation among the bases and the relative intensities of the signal states and provides a self-checking mechanism to identify eavesdropping. The security analysis of the protocol provides a low error rate and a relatively high key generation rate.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another important aspect as pointed out in [33] is that all the practical QKD protocols, even decoy state protocol, when realized with attenuated laser pulses, always assume Poisson distribution for the number of photons present in each pulse. It is not guaranteed that the emission from practical laser sources may always meet the criterion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation-assisted decoy state QKD protocol with self-checking mechanism

Banerjee,

Maiti,

Saha

2024

Preprint

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“…However, the standard BB84 protocol [ 8 ] is not practical since it is not feasible to generate strings of truly perfect single photons efficiently [ 20 ]. The decoy-state method [ 14 , 21 , 22 , 23 ] was proposed to use a few different photon intensities to perform almost as well as a single photon. Different configurations [ 24 , 25 ] of decoy states and the length of keys [ 26 ] would also affect the secret key rates.…”

Section: Preliminariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The QQUIC Transport Protocol: Quantum-Assisted UDP Internet Connections

Peng

2022

Entropy

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Quantum key distribution, initialized in 1984, is a commercialized secure communication method that enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key using quantum mechanics. We propose a QQUIC (Quantum-assisted Quick UDP Internet Connections) transport protocol, which modifies the well-known QUIC transport protocol by employing quantum key distribution instead of the original classical algorithms in the key exchange stage. Due to the provable security of quantum key distribution, the security of the QQUIC key does not depend on computational assumptions. It is possible that, surprisingly, QQUIC can reduce network latency in some circumstances even compared with QUIC. To achieve this, the attached quantum connections are used as the dedicated lines for key generation.

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“…This at the price of increasing the fabrication cost and the complexity of the process. A possible solution is suggested by a recent work [ 7 ] that demonstrates decoy state QKD using arbitrary photon statistics. Such an option opens the way to the employment of non-laser sources in silicon chips, such as the SOI LED photon source based on Er-O complexes presented in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully Integrated Silicon Photonic Erbium-Doped Nanodiode for Few Photon Emission at Telecom Wavelengths

et al. 2023

Self Cite

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Recent advancements in quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols opened the chance to exploit nonlaser sources for their implementation. A possible solution might consist in erbium-doped light emitting diodes (LEDs), which are able to produce photons in the third communication window, with a wavelength around 1550 nm. Here, we present silicon LEDs based on the electroluminescence of Er:O complexes in Si. Such sources are fabricated with a fully-compatible CMOS process on a 220 nm-thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, the common standard in silicon photonics. The implantation depth is tuned to match the center of the silicon layer. The erbium and oxygen co-doping ratio is tuned to optimize the electroluminescence signal. We fabricate a batch of Er:O diodes with surface areas ranging from 1 µm × 1 µm to 50 µm × 50 µm emitting 1550 nm photons at room temperature. We demonstrate emission rates around 5 × 106 photons/s for a 1 µm × 1 µm device at room temperature using superconducting nanowire detectors cooled at 0.8 K. The demonstration of Er:O diodes integrated in the 220 nm SOI platform paves the way towards the creation of integrated silicon photon sources suitable for arbitrary-statistic-tolerant QKD protocols.

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Security bounds for decoy-state quantum key distribution with arbitrary photon-number statistics

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

Correlation-assisted decoy state QKD protocol with self-checking mechanism

Correlation-assisted decoy state QKD protocol with self-checking mechanism

The QQUIC Transport Protocol: Quantum-Assisted UDP Internet Connections

Fully Integrated Silicon Photonic Erbium-Doped Nanodiode for Few Photon Emission at Telecom Wavelengths

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