Security Challenges in Automotive Hardware/Software Architecture Design

Abstract

This paper gives an introduction to security challenges arising during the design of automotive hardware/software architectures. State-of-the-art automotive architectures are highly heterogeneous and complex systems that rely on distributed functions based on electronics and software as well as various bus systems and protocols. With the growing connectivity of vehicles, including wireless communication like WiFi or Bluetooth, the vulnerability to attacks infiltrating the system is rapidly growing. Despite this increasing vulnerability, the design of automotive architectures is still mainly driven by safety and cost issues rather than security. In this paper, we present potential threats and vulnerabilities, and outline upcoming security challenges in automotive architectures. In particular, we discuss the challenges arising in electric vehicles, like the vulnerability to attacks tampering with the battery management. Finally, we discuss future in-vehicle architectures based on Ethernet/IP and how formal verification methods might be used to increase the security of automotive architectures.

A Security Perspective on Battery Systems of the Internet of Things

“…It makes the BMS a powerful tool, which if vulnerable, could be used by adversaries to attain valuable information and control all BMS functions, including ignoring critical battery conditions and tolerating high voltages and currents, to damage the battery and even to ignite a fire [41]. Actually, without proper protection on the safety and security of the BMS, the more functional a BMS is, the more vulnerable a battery system could be, as the adversary can manipulate more behavior of the battery and get more information.…”

“…It goes without saying, but future autonomous vehicles may experience similar security vulnerabilities as EVs, especially with high levels of autonomous processing units and interconnectivity in the application layer (see software-defined batteries for heterogenous battery systems such as EVs and mobile systems proposed by Microsoft, Tesla, University of Massachusetts Amherst, and Columbia University [5]). Already, researchers have expressed their concerns over the importance of securing EV battery systems [42].…”

Internet of Vehicles Data Service System Based on Cloud Platform

“…The system is a combination of integrated software and hardware system, beidou navigation satellite system, mass data fast access technology, data classification technology, remote vehicle data collection and problemsolving mode and message push technology [3].…”

Extending Battery Management Systems for Making Informed Decisions on Battery Reuse

“…As regards the storage of a BMS, data that defines the history of the battery has to be stored for a sufficient period of time. An important observation is that while data storage prices are decreasing, storage space in embedded systems is still very costly, especially in automotive applications, because of high safety standards and cost pressure [28]. In these scenarios, data on selected parameters, such as cycle life or the maximum remaining capacity [29], might be saved as histograms.…”