Security of RPL based 6LoWPAN Networks in the Internet of Things: A Review

Verma, Abhishek; Ranga, Virender

doi:10.36227/techrxiv.12121971

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Therefore, the effects of multiple attackers were generally omitted when evaluating the proposed solutions. A recent review study [29] also reported that most research in the literature used a low number of nodes in their experimental simulations. However, as pointed out in [9], at least 25 or 30 devices are actually needed in order to appraise the multihop characteristics of the RPL network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very recently, the same authors, Verma and Ranga [29],conducted a survey which investigated existing security mechanisms for RPL-based IoT networks in the literature. Their survey reviewed more than 100 published studies, and reported that no study used a crosslayered security solution based on both link layer and network layer activities.…”

Section: Related Studies On Intrusion Detection For Rpl-based Iot Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cross-Layer Intrusion Detection System for RPL-Based Internet of Things

Canbalaban

Şen

2020

Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks

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pagesThe "Internet of Things" (IoT) is a heterogeneous network of constrained devices connected both to each other and to the Internet. Since the significance of the IoT has risen remarkably in recent years, a considerable amount of research has been conducted in this area, and especially on, new mechanisms and protocols suited to such complex systems. "Routing Procotol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks" (RPL) is one of the accepted routing protocols for the IoT. It provides for multi-hop routing and is mainly proposed for "multipoint-topoint" (MP2P) communication as well as supporting "point-to-point" (P2P) and "point-tomultipoint" (P2MP) communication. However RPL, as with many protocols proposed for the IoT, was not purposefully designed with security in mind;hence, certain solutions for securing RPL have been developed in the literature. Intrusion detection systems known as IDSs, which monitor activities in systems and detect intrusions, have become an inevitable part of such security systems, since prevention mechanisms alone are never enough. In this thesis study, a new IDS is proposed for these types of low-power and lossy networks.iii The IoT exists in a variety of fields such as smart homes, medical care and smart vehicles and with each having different security requirements. Devices in the IoT are interconnected to each other over lossy communication links, but with limited resources, they are also susceptible to attacks. Moreover, since the communication of such devices is provided by RPL, the protocol could also be targeted by internal attackers. In this thesis study, specific attacks against RPL, namely "version number attack", "worst parent attack" and "hello flood attack" were deeply analyzed. Then, an IDS based on neural networks was proposed in order to detect such attacks. Here, the effects of features taken both from the routing layer and the link layer, were explored, and both binary classification and multi-class classification applied.The proposed system was then evaluated on simulated networks using different percentages of attackers (2%, 6%, 10%, 20%). The study's results showed that the proposed system was able to detect the attacks effectively with a 96.88% detection rate, a 0.13% false positive rate for binary classification, and a 97.52% rate of accuracy for multi-class detection. More specifically, the detection rate was shown to be 93.2% for "version number attack", 98.17% for "worst parent attack" and 99.96% for "hello flood attack". Also, with the usage of features related to the link layer in training, the false positive rate was shown to decrease from 0.61% to 0.13%. The positive effect of the link layer's features was especially noted in the detection of "version number attacks". To the best of the author's knowledge, this study presents the first cross-layer IDS in the literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Studies On Intrusion Detection For Rpl-based Iot Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cross-Layer Intrusion Detection System for RPL-Based Internet of Things

Canbalaban

Şen

2020

Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks

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“…In the case of the healthcare sector, IoMT sensors and local devices can be connected to IP networks through 6LoWPAN, allowing the interconnection among a group of sensors. Furthermore, it allows the interconnection of sensors with middleware devices or Internet-connected routers [ 55 , 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Classification Of Iot Protocols Used In Medical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security in IoMT Communications: A Survey

Koutras

Stergiopoulos

Dasaklis

et al. 2020

Sensors

113

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The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) couples IoT technologies with healthcare services in order to support real-time, remote patient monitoring and treatment. However, the interconnectivity of critical medical devices with other systems in various network layers creates new opportunities for remote adversaries. Since most of the communication protocols have not been specifically designed for the needs of connected medical devices, there is a need to classify the available IoT communication technologies in terms of security. In this paper we classify IoT communication protocols, with respect to their application in IoMT. Then we describe the main characteristics of IoT communication protocols used at the perception, network and application layer of medical devices. We examine the inherent security characteristics and limitations of IoMT-specific communication protocols. Based on realistic attacks we identify available mitigation controls that may be applied to secure IoMT communications, as well as existing research and implementation gaps.

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“…In addition to the OF's policies, the structure of the trickle timer has also a pivotal role in maintaining this stability. Although, the trickle tries to mitigate the amount of control packet overhead by exponentially increasing the period between consecutive transmission of control packets, but due to the frequent inconsistencies in mobile infrastructures, the trickle will be reset to its initial values, and the control packets (DIO, DIS, DAO, and DAO-Ack) will be transmitted throughout the network with higher frequency to bring back the stability to the network [264]- [266]. More control packets results in more resource consumption in the nodes (especially energy and bandwidth) as well as possibly more number of collisions and lower reliability [267].…”

Section: ) Control Overheadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Mobility Models on RPL-Based Mobile IoT Infrastructures: An Evaluative Comparison and Survey

et al. 2020

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With the widespread use of IoT applications and the increasing trend in the number of connected smart devices, the concept of routing has become very challenging. In this regard, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (PRL) was standardized to be adopted in IoT networks. Nevertheless, while mobile IoT domains have gained significant popularity in recent years, since RPL was fundamentally designed for stationary IoT applications, it could not well adjust with the dynamic fluctuations in mobile applications. While there have been a number of studies on tuning RPL for mobile IoT applications, but still there is a high demand for more efforts to reach a standard version of this protocol for such applications. Accordingly, in this survey, we try to conduct a precise and comprehensive experimental study on the impact of various mobility models on the performance of a mobility-aware RPL to help this process. In this regard, a complete and scrutinized survey of the mobility models has been presented to be able to fairly justify and compare the outcome results. A significant set of evaluations has been conducted via precise IoT simulation tools to monitor and compare the performance of the network and its IoT devices in mobile RPL-based IoT applications under the presence of different mobility models from different perspectives including power consumption, reliability, latency, and control packet overhead. This will pave the way for researchers in both academia and industry to be able to compare the impact of various mobility models on the functionality of RPL, and consequently to design and implement application-specific and even a standard version of this protocol, which is capable of being employed in mobile IoT applications.

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Security of RPL based 6LoWPAN Networks in the Internet of Things: A Review

Cited by 17 publications

References 83 publications

A Cross-Layer Intrusion Detection System for RPL-Based Internet of Things

A Cross-Layer Intrusion Detection System for RPL-Based Internet of Things

Security in IoMT Communications: A Survey

Impacts of Mobility Models on RPL-Based Mobile IoT Infrastructures: An Evaluative Comparison and Survey

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