Security of unmanned aerial vehicle systems against cyber-physical attacks

Rani, Chaitanya; Modares, Hamidreza; Sriram, Raghavendra; Mikulski, Dariusz; Lewis, Frank L.

doi:10.1177/1548512915617252

Cited by 82 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Similar to power systems, transportation systems experience a wide range of impact depending on the specific subsystem that is targeted. Unmanned aerial vehicles and their vulnerabilities are addressed in [54]. General transportation systems have been examined in [55]- [67], and industrial systems in [68]- [71].…”

Section: B Current State Of the Art In Cps Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A systems and control perspective of CPS security

Dibaji

Pirani

Flamholz

et al. 2019

Annual Reviews in Control

406

191

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The comprehensive integration of instrumentation, communication, and control into physical systems has led to the study of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), a field that has recently garnered increased attention. A key concern that is ubiquitous in CPS is a need to ensure security in the face of cyber attacks. In this paper, we carry out a survey of systems and control methods that have been proposed for the security of CPS. We classify these methods into three categories based on the type of defense proposed against the cyberattacks: prevention, resilience, and detection & isolation. A unified threat assessment metric is proposed in order to evaluate how CPS security is achieved in each of these three cases. Also surveyed are risk assessment tools and the effect of network topology on CPS security. An emphasis has been placed on power and transportation applications in the overall survey. Index Terms-cyber-physical systems, resilient control I. INTRODUCTION Motivated by concerns about sustainability, efficiency, and resiliency, several sectors including energy, transportation, water, and healthcare systems have witnessed significant advances in instrumentation, monitoring, and automation over the past decade. The resulting integration of information, communication, and computation with physically engineered systems demands a detailed investigation into the analysis and synthesis of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) so as to realize the desired performance metrics of efficiency, sustainability, and safety. The extensive and intricate presence of cyber components also introduces a vulnerability of unwanted access to these systems. The available communication technologies, referred to as SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), are witnessing significant advances, triggering a shift from protected, closed, and wired networks to open and wireless networks which, as a side effect, are more vulnerable to outside interference.

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Section: B Current State Of the Art In Cps Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A systems and control perspective of CPS security

Dibaji

Pirani

Flamholz

et al. 2019

Annual Reviews in Control

406

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Rani et al [13] reviewed the UAV vulnerabilities against attacks. To do so, they provided a general overview over the common hacking methods and the existing defensive, preventive, and trust strategies to avoid damages caused by attacks.…”

Section: Detection Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Need for additional hardware • low robustness • high complexity [13] The design uses the neural network techniques to defend against Wireshark attacks, password theft, Trojan virus and so on to have a safe UAV system [9] In this design, various security threats for UAV systems have been analyzed cyber-security threat model have been proposed to detect possible paths affected by the attack. This model uses three important communication components in aircraft carriers.…”

Section: Security Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Securing of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) against security threats using human immune system

Fotohi

2020

Reliability Engineering & System Safety

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UASs form a large part of the fighting ability of the advanced military forces. In particular, these systems that carry confidential information are subject to security attacks. Accordingly, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has been proposed in the proposed design to protect against the security problems using the human immune system (HIS). The IDSs are used to detect and respond to attempts to compromise the target system. Since the UASs operate in the real world, the testing and validation of these systems with a variety of sensors is confronted with problems. This design is inspired by HIS. In the mapping, insecure signals are equivalent to an antigen that are detected by antibody-based training patterns and removed from the operation cycle. Among the main uses of the proposed design are the quick detection of intrusive signals and quarantining their activity. Moreover, SUAS-HIS method is evaluated here via extensive simulations carried out in NS-3 environment. The simulation results indicate that the UAS network performance metrics are improved in terms of false positive rate, false negative rate, detection rate, and packet delivery rate. detection methods to track and to eliminate. In specific, to increase the chance of successfully intercepting a ballistic missile, it is essential to have swift detection and tracking system, capable of detecting and tracking the missile right after it is launched. The designers working on ballistic missile defense networks are aiming the system to be capable of intercepting the missiles during their initial 2 to 5 minutes of flight, which is called the boost phase. During the boost phase, if the trajectory of the missile is directly away from the trajectory of the UAV, it will easily recede from the range of the sensors on the UAV. Hence, the routing of the information used in the network of the sensors of the ballistic missile should be addressed using networks of hybrid wireless sensors capable of complying with high availability and requirements mandated due to security. To demonstrate the UAVs' applications that have an innate time sensitivity, and to signify the urgency of providing security in communication channels, this case is discussed in the following paper [2,3]. However, despite the advantage's UAVs provide through various applications, since there are situations where no pilot monitors the activities, they are potentially vulnerable against cyber threats. This intensifies the emergence to design secure and reliable UASs and overcome the challenges to avoid damage and destruction to other systems as well as human lives [2,3].A number of attacks, such as Wormhole (WH), Black hole (BH), Gray hole (GH), and Fake Information Dissemination (FID), illegally penetrate the system. Once an unmanned system is affected by an attack, removing the threat and bringing the system back online is a laborious task. It should be mentioned that the common methods to secure information, such as encryption or intrusion detection [4], are inadequate when dealing with such risks. T...

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“…Examples and events like that raise concerns regarding the state of UAV-based communication security. Some indicative mechanisms in order to detect and/or defend against the hacking of the UAVs are: encryption and cryptography, anomaly detection, defense techniques against DDoS attacks, and the development of intrusion detection and intrusion ejection systems [23].…”

Section: Related Work and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting prospect theory and risk-awareness to protect UAV-assisted network operation

Vamvakas

Tsiropoulou

Papavassiliou

2019

J Wireless Com Network

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In this paper, a novel resource management framework is introduced and exploited to ensure the efficient and smooth operation of a wireless network, assisted by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), operating under the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme and consisting of both normal and malicious risk-aware users. User devices are assumed capable of splitting their transmission power in two different communication alternatives, established via either the UAV or the macro base station (MBS). The bandwidth offered by the UAV is accessible by everyone, delivers potentially higher rate of return taking into account the enhanced communication channel gains owing to its proximity to the serving users, but is prone to failure due to its potential over-exploitation. Accordingly, the UAV's bandwidth is considered as common pool of resources (CPR). In contrast, the MBS's bandwidth is considered as a safe resource offering to the users a more limited but guaranteed level of service, due to the fact that though it has less available bandwidth it operates under a more controlled access scheme. The theory of the tragedy of the commons is used to capture the probability of failure of the CPR, while the prospect theory is adopted to study the normal and malicious users' risk-aware behavior in the UAV-assisted network. A non-cooperative power control game among the users is formulated and solved, in order to determine the users' power investment to the dual communication environment. The existence and uniqueness of a Pure Nash Equilibrium point is shown and a distributed algorithm is introduced to converge to the PNE point. This overall resource allocation framework is intelligently exploited as the vehicle to detect malicious user behavior and therefore protect the network from the undesired effects of such behaviors. The performance and inherent attributes of the proposed user-centric risk-aware operation framework, in terms of its capability to effectively utilize the available system and user resources (i.e., bandwidth and power), while succeeding in identifying potential abnormal or malicious user behaviors is assessed via modeling and simulation, under different operation scenarios.

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Security of unmanned aerial vehicle systems against cyber-physical attacks

Cited by 82 publications

References 31 publications

A systems and control perspective of CPS security

A systems and control perspective of CPS security

Securing of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) against security threats using human immune system

Exploiting prospect theory and risk-awareness to protect UAV-assisted network operation

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