SEDCOS: A Secure Device-to-Device Communication System for Disaster Scenarios

Kohnhäuser, Florian; Stute, Milan; Baumgärtner, Lars; Almon, Lars; Katzenbeisser, Stefan; Hollick, Matthias; Freisleben, Bernd

doi:10.1109/lcn.2017.47

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In addition, satellite radios are expensive to operate and, therefore, device density is typically low in the field. Self-organizing networks such as DTNs [33] where devices forward messages for one another can be deployed anywhere without any dependencies on existing infrastructure (I. 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical insights for designing Information and Communication Technology for International Disaster Response

Stute

Maaß

Schons

et al. 2020

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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Due to the increase in natural disasters in the past years, Disaster Response Organizations (DROs) are faced with the challenge of coping with more and larger operations. Currently appointed Information and Communications Technology (ICT) used for coordination and communication is sometimes outdated and does not scale, while novel technologies have the potential to greatly improve disaster response efficiency. To allow adoption of these novel technologies, ICT system designers have to take into account the particular needs of DROs and characteristics of International Disaster Response (IDR). This work attempts to bring the humanitarian and ICT communities closer together. In this work, we analyze IDR-related documents and conduct expert interviews. Using open coding, we extract empirical insights and translate the peculiarities of DRO coordination and operation into tangible ICT design requirements. This information is based on interviews with active IDR staff as well as DRO guidelines and reports. Ultimately, the goal of this paper is to serve as a reference for future ICT research endeavors to support and increase the efficiency of IDR operations.2 communication systems. To this end, we were in contact with 126 IDR experts and active staff (including 15 interviews) from 71 different national and international DROs who also provided pointers to official guidelines, reports, and other resources.This article is structured as follows: In the next section, we outline the body of related work. We present our methodology in Section 3. In Section 4, we present our empirical insights for ICT design. In particular, we introduce important terminology in Section 4.1. We then explain the organizational structure of DROs at the example of the United Nations (UN) in Section 4.2. We detail how different DROs coordinate on a global level in Section 4.3, and how a typical local IDR operation is coordinated and carried out in Section 4.4. Finally, we conclude in Section 5. Related workThe field literature refers to ICT for disaster response as crisis informatics, although the terms disaster, crisis, and emergency are often used interchangeably. Due to the growing number of crisis situations occurring across the world [20,25], the use of crisis communication and management via technology has gained in importance and been increasingly researched [46,47]. There are several challenges and obstacles in sharing and coordinating information during multi-agency disaster response [8].Research efforts have focused on describing the specific characteristics of emergencies and the resulting challenges and requirements for ICT support, for example, derived via case studies and interviews [11,37]. The conference for Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM) was the first scientific venue for ICT-based crisis communication. Founded in 2004 by a group of scientists from various related fields, its aim was to address the issue of ICT support for effective [69] disaster management. One major work presented at the first meetin...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical insights for designing Information and Communication Technology for International Disaster Response

Stute

Maaß

Schons

et al. 2020

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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“…SEDCOS (A Secure Device-to-Device Communication System for Disaster Scenarios) [20] has been especially designed with security considerations. It adopts an adversary based model and employs secure key management and resilient communication to counter denial of service (DoS) attacks.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These devices may be used for rescue communications and data sharing or people requesting for aid or other emergency services. Due to this wireless, cooperative, and decentralized nature, these systems are vulnerable to various security attacks such as relief communication disruption by terrorists by injecting false messages, denial-of-service (DoS), and unintentional clogging of the network by spamming from people in panic [20]. Moreover, malicious attacks could damage strategic nodes or links in the network and, therefore, the underlying routing protocols and metrics should be designed to introduce resilience against these types of attacks.…”

Section: E Security and Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

WiMesh: Leveraging Mesh Networking For Disaster Communication in Poor Regions of the World

Ashraf¹,

Khwaja²,

Qadir³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This paper discusses the design, implementation and field trials of WiMesh -a resilient Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) based disaster communication system purpose-built for underdeveloped and rural parts of the world. Mesh networking is a mature area, and the focus of this paper is not on proposing novel models, protocols or other mesh solutions. Instead, the paper focuses on the identification of important design considerations and justifications for several design trade offs in the context of mesh networking for disaster communication in developing countries with very limited resources. These tradeoffs are discussed in the context of key desirable traits including security, low cost, low power, size, availability, customization, portability, ease of installation and deployment, and coverage area among others. We discuss at length the design, implementation, and field trial results of the WiMesh system which enables users spread over large geographical regions, to communicate with each other despite the lack of cellular coverage, power, and other communication infrastructure by leveraging multi-hop mesh networking and Wi-Fi equipped handheld devices. Lessons learned along with real-world results are shared for WiMesh deployment in a remote rural mountainous village of Pakistan, and the source code is shared with the research community.

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“…Third, an open re-implementation of the protocol would allow interoperability with other operating systems, eventually enabling high-throughput cross-platform direct communication. Such technology is required, for example, in smartphone-based emergency communication applications [21,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Billion Apples' Secret Sauce

Stute

Kreitschmann

Hollick

2018

Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

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Apple Wireless Direct Link (AWDL) is a proprietary and undocumented IEEE 802.11-based ad hoc protocol. Apple first introduced AWDL around 2014 and has since integrated it into its entire product line, including iPhone and Mac. While we have found that AWDL drives popular applications such as AirPlay and AirDrop on more than one billion end-user devices, neither the protocol itself nor potential security and Wi-Fi coexistence issues have been studied. In this paper, we present the operation of the protocol as the result of binary and runtime analysis. In short, each AWDL node announces a sequence of Availability Windows (AWs) indicating its readiness to communicate with other AWDL nodes. An elected master node synchronizes these sequences. Outside the AWs, nodes can tune their Wi-Fi radio to a different channel to communicate with an access point, or could turn it off to save energy. Based on our analysis, we conduct experiments to study the master election process, synchronization accuracy, channel hopping dynamics, and achievable throughput. We conduct a preliminary security assessment and publish an open source Wireshark dissector for AWDL to nourish future work.

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SEDCOS: A Secure Device-to-Device Communication System for Disaster Scenarios

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Empirical insights for designing Information and Communication Technology for International Disaster Response

Empirical insights for designing Information and Communication Technology for International Disaster Response

WiMesh: Leveraging Mesh Networking For Disaster Communication in Poor Regions of the World

One Billion Apples' Secret Sauce

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