Sediment distribution, hydrolytic enzyme profiles and bacterial activities in the guts of Oneirophanta mutabilis, Psychropotes longicauda and Pseudostichopus villosus: what do they tell us about digestive strategies of abyssal holothurians?

Roberts, Deborah A.; Moore, H.M.; Berges, John A.; Patching, John W; Carton, Micheal W.; Eardly, Donal F

doi:10.1016/s0079-6611(01)00065-9

Cited by 50 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Phosphatase activity contributes to degradation and cycling of organic phosphorus. The activity of this enzyme has been found to be consistently high in abyssal holothurians (Roberts et al, 2001). Therefore holothurians could also play an important role in phosphorus cycling in deep-sea sediments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…6). This enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of proteins, breaking them down into oligomers which are more easily assimilated by the animal (Roberts et al, 2001). We believe that the mid gut is the portion of the holothurians where the highest fraction (approximately 33 ± 1%) of the proteins is digested, with a final digestion rate equal to 67 ± 1%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have hypothesized a key role of the prokaryotic biomass in the diet of deep-sea holothurians Sibuet et al, 1982;Roberts et al, 2001;Amaro et al, 2009). However, overall prokaryotic biomass contributed for less than 0.1% of the total protein absorbed (Amaro, personal observation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar correlations have also been reported in the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) in the northeast Atlantic . Food sources for benthic organisms may include organic detritus (including seagrass/algae debris and dead or decaying animals), microorganisms (prokaryotes, diatoms, protozoans) and faecal pellets of other animals (Massin, 1982;Moriarity, 1982;Jumars, 1993;Roberts et al, 2001). The relative proportions of these potential food items and their biochemical composition determine the nutritional value of the ingested material, which, in turn, regulates the potential utilization rates by benthic fauna (Fabiano et al, 1999) and, in particular, by depositfeeding holothurians (Purinton et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The trophic biology of the holothurian <i>Molpadia musculus</i>: implications for organic matter cycling and ecosystem functioning in a deep submarine canyon

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Megafaunal organisms play a key role in ecosystem functioning in the deep-sea through bioturbation, bioirrigation and organic matter cycling. At 3500 m water depth in the Nazaré Canyon, NE Atlantic, very high abundances of the infaunal holothurian Molpadia musculus were observed. To quantify the role of M. musculus in sediment cycling, sediment samples and holothurians were collected using an ROV and in situ experiments were conducted with incubation chambers. The biochemical composition of the sediment (in terms of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids), the holothurians' gut contents and holothurians' faecal material were analysed. In the sediments, proteins were the dominant organic compound, followed by carbohydrates and lipids. In the holothurian's gut contents, protein concentrations were higher than the other compounds, decreasing significantly as the material passed through the digestive tract. Approximately 33 ± 1% of the proteins were digested by the time sediment reached the mid gut, with a total digestion rate equal to 67 ± 1%. Carbohydrates and lipids were ingested in smaller amounts and digested with lower efficiencies (23 ± 11% and 50 ± 11%, respectively). As a result, the biopolymeric C digestion rate was on average 62 ± 3%. We estimated that the population of M. musculus could remove approximately 0.49 ± 0.13 g biopolymeric C and 0.13 ± 0.03 g N m −2 d −1 from the sediments. These results suggest that M. musculus plays a key role in the benthic tropho-dynamics and biogeochemical processes in the Nazaré Canyon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The trophic biology of the holothurian <i>Molpadia musculus</i>: implications for organic matter cycling and ecosystem functioning in a deep submarine canyon

et al. 2010

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“…Desde el punto de vista ecológico procesan grandes cantidades de sedimento, por lo cual son considerados como los mayores consumidores de detritus (Bakus, 1973;Richmond & Martínez, 1993;Uthicke, 1999;Uthicke, 2001;Roberts et al, 2001;Calva, 2002;Toral-Granda, 2006). Además, algunas especies poseen un alto valor comercial debido a su uso en la alimentación (por su gran valor nutricional) y en la industria farmacéutica, siendo aprovechadas a través de su pesquería y mediante la acuacultura (Chen, 2004;Aydin, Hüseyin, Bekir, Yilmaz, & Sevim, 2011;Conand & Byrne, 1993;Morgan, 2000;Pitt, 2001;Bordbar Anwar, & Saari, 2011).…”

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Histology of the digestive tract of three species of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus, Stichopus sp. and Stichopus hermanni (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae).

Vergara

Rodríguez

2015

RBT

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Histology of the digestive tract of three species of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus sp. and Stichopus hermanni (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae). Sea cucumbers have an important ecological role in the marine environment because they are able to process organic and inorganic matter, which contributes to the oxygenation and energy transfer in the ecosystem. In general, there is a lack of knowledge on the basic morphology of native species of sea cucumber and the function of vital organs. The aim of this study was to describe the histology of the digestive tract (DT) of three species of holothuroids from Rodadero Bay, Colombia. Thirty specimens of Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus sp. and Stichopus hermanni were obtained and sacrificed by hypothermia. In the laboratory, sections of foregut, midgut and hindgut were obtained and fixed in formalin (10%) for later conventional histological processes; besides, some samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde (3%) for their inclusion in resins and studies in high resolution and electron microscopy. For the studied species, the DT is long, folded, and is distributed in the coelomic cavity; it has at least twice the length of the sea cucumber body. The DT presents villi lined by a columnar pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, which rests on a basement membrane and a layer of collagen fibers. Four types of cells were identified: coelocmocytes, brown cells, enterocytes and mucous cells, and the spicules were evident throughout the digestive tract tissue. Light microscopy showed elongated inclusions of calcareous formation located essentially in the hindgut, "the psamoma bodies". We observed granular mucous cells with an apical surface with numerous microvilli. The histology of the DT of I. badionotus, Isostichopus sp. and S. hermanni were found to be similar, but we found differences (p<0.05) in the thickness of the intestinal submucosa tissue, which can be tied to specific feeding habits of each species. Characterization of the morphohistology of the digestive tract of sea cucumber is a useful tool to understand their feeding physiology. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (4): 1021-1033. Epub 2015 December 01.

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Seasonal variations of digestive enzymes in sea cucumbers (Holothuria tubulosa, G. 1788) under culture conditions

2019

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Sea cucumber, Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788), is an economically valuable species due to its rich nutrients content that being exported in Turkey. However, culture of this species is difficult due to a lack of knowledge. The main objective of this study is to investigate seasonal activities of main digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, and amylase) for nutritional requirements. In this sense, sea cucumbers were stocked in the glass aquarium and sediment was 10 cm. It was replaced monthly and enriched (1% of the living individual weight) by dried Sargassum sp. Total protease and amylase enzymes have shown higher activity compared to lipase. All three enzyme activities were maximum in the summer and minimum in the winter. In summer, the highest measured total protease, amylase, and lipase activity values were 6.45 ± 0.66, 6.77 ± 0.72, and 2.78 ± 0.32 U/mg per protein, respectively. In winter, the lowest total protease, amylase, and lipase activity values were measured as 2.03 ± 0.16, 1.14 ± 0.14, and 0.12 ± 0.01 U/mg per protein, respectively. As a conclusion of the study, seasonal expression of the main digestive enzymes was strictly dependent on water temperatures and food abundance and also it was ideal to feed this species with food containing high protein and carbohydrate under appropriate temperatures for commercial culture.

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Sediment distribution, hydrolytic enzyme profiles and bacterial activities in the guts of Oneirophanta mutabilis, Psychropotes longicauda and Pseudostichopus villosus: what do they tell us about digestive strategies of abyssal holothurians?

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

The trophic biology of the holothurian <i>Molpadia musculus</i>: implications for organic matter cycling and ecosystem functioning in a deep submarine canyon

The trophic biology of the holothurian <i>Molpadia musculus</i>: implications for organic matter cycling and ecosystem functioning in a deep submarine canyon

Histology of the digestive tract of three species of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus, Stichopus sp. and Stichopus hermanni (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae).

Seasonal variations of digestive enzymes in sea cucumbers (Holothuria tubulosa, G. 1788) under culture conditions

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Sediment distribution, hydrolytic enzyme profiles and bacterial activities in the guts of Oneirophanta mutabilis, Psychropotes longicauda and Pseudostichopus villosus: what do they tell us about digestive strategies of abyssal holothurians?

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

The trophic biology of the holothurian &lt;i&gt;Molpadia musculus&lt;/i&gt;: implications for organic matter cycling and ecosystem functioning in a deep submarine canyon

The trophic biology of the holothurian &lt;i&gt;Molpadia musculus&lt;/i&gt;: implications for organic matter cycling and ecosystem functioning in a deep submarine canyon

Histology of the digestive tract of three species of sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus, Stichopus sp. and Stichopus hermanni (Aspidochirotida: Stichopodidae).

Seasonal variations of digestive enzymes in sea cucumbers (Holothuria tubulosa, G. 1788) under culture conditions

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The trophic biology of the holothurian <i>Molpadia musculus</i>: implications for organic matter cycling and ecosystem functioning in a deep submarine canyon

The trophic biology of the holothurian <i>Molpadia musculus</i>: implications for organic matter cycling and ecosystem functioning in a deep submarine canyon