Sediment resuspension by wind, waves, and currents during meteorological frontal passages in a micro-tidal lagoon

Carlin, Joseph; Lee, Guan‐hong; Dellapenna, Timothy M.; Laverty, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2016.01.029

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Turbid regions associated with coastal erosion are adjacent to long segments of sea coast, but it does not cause elevated turbidity in offshore areas. Finally, resuspension of bottom sediments occurs in shallow areas and can be caused by upwelling events, tides, and wind waves [24,[49][50][51][52][53]. In the latter case, turbulence induced by breaking surface waves penetrates from the surface layer to the sea bottom, causing resuspension of bottom sediments and their subsequent upward convection to surface layer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

2020

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The Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka rivers are among the largest rivers that inflow to the Arctic Ocean. Their discharges form a freshened surface water mass over a wide area in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas and govern many local physical, geochemical, and biological processes. In this study we report coastal upwelling events that are regularly manifested on satellite imagery by increased sea surface turbidity and decreased sea surface temperature at certain areas adjacent to the Lena Delta in the Laptev Sea and the Kolyma and Indigirka deltas in the East-Siberian Sea. These events are formed under strong easterly and southeasterly wind forcing and are estimated to occur during up to 10%-30% of ice-free periods at the study region. Coastal upwelling events induce intense mixing of the Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka plumes with subjacent saline sea. These plumes are significantly transformed and diluted while spreading over the upwelling areas; therefore, their salinity and depths abruptly increase, while stratification abruptly decreases in the vicinity of their sources. This feature strongly affects the structure of the freshened surface layer during ice-free periods and, therefore, influences circulation, ice formation, and many other processes at the Laptev and East-Siberian seas.Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 844 2 of 25 seas and are among the largest freshwater reservoirs in the Arctic Ocean [17][18][19][20]. Spreading and transformation of these river plumes determine vertical stratification and, therefore, strongly affect circulation and ice formation in the Laptev and East-Siberian seas, as well as many other physical, geochemical, and biological processes [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].In this study we focus on upwelling events which regularly occur at coastal areas adjacent to the deltas of the Lena, Kolyma, and Indigirka rivers. Surface manifestations of these upwelling events are visible on ocean color satellite imagery due to elevated turbidity and on sea surface temperature (SST) satellite imagery due to reduced temperature. However, correct identification of the origin of SST and turbidity features observed on satellite imagery is not a straightforward task. SST features in the study region are formed as a result of interaction between water masses with different temperature, namely, warm river plumes and cold saline sea water, and are associated with spreading of river plumes, mixing of surface layer with subjacent sea, and ice melting. Areas of elevated sea surface turbidity in coastal and shelf regions are commonly associated with four different processes: spreading of turbid river plumes, coastal erosion, resuspension of bottom sediments penetrated to sea surface, and algal blooms [33]. The first three processes are common features of the Laptev and East-Siberian seas [25,27,34,35], while algal blooms do not occur in these seas [32,[36][37][38]. Turbid regions associated with river plumes are adjacent to river estuaries and deltas. Spatial and temporal variability of these regions is def...

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confidence: 99%

Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

2020

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“…These results indicate that, as demonstrated previously for DOC, DON,

{NH}_{4}^{+}

, and

{PO}_{4}^{3 -}

(Kieber et al ; Southwell et al ), photodissolution of TDCu occurs over relatively short timescales of ∼ 1 d in the presence of environmentally relevant TSS concentrations. Many sediment resuspension phenomena of varying spatial extents in shallow coastal environments occur on this time scale, including wind (Booth et al ), meteorological fronts (Carlin et al ), anthropogenic activities such as dredging (Lohrer and Wetz ), and tides (Blanton et al ). These events may cause suspended sediments to become exposed to sunlight, engendering the photorelease of TDCu even under low energy conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodissolution of copper from resuspended coastal marine sediments

Skrabal

McBurney

Webb

et al. 2017

Limnology & Oceanography

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Total dissolved Cu (TDCu) was photoproduced from suspensions of estuarine and coastal marine sediments from varied biogeochemical settings after exposure to the equivalent of 1 day of sunlight. Net photorelease (defined as the difference between mean light and dark concentrations) of TDCu occurred in 10 of 13 experiments and ranged from 1.1 nM to 11.8 nM (0.88–46.1 nmol Cu g−1 dry sediment). Photorelease was observed over environmentally relevant total suspended sediment concentrations ranging from 38 mg L−1 to 460 mg L−1. The magnitude of photorelease was directly correlated to the 1 M HCl‐extractable Cu and Fe contents of sediments. Photoreleased Cu was likely associated with organic matter and/or Fe oxyhydroxides, both of which are photoreactive. Photoreleased TDCu persisted for at least 24 h after irradiation indicating that the Cu was not immediately scavenged back onto particles, most likely because it was stabilized by complexation with dissolved organic matter. Results of this study are important because a conservative estimate of the areal flux of TDCu from irradiation of a modest suspended sediment loading of 100 mg L−1 in the top 100 cm of a sunlit water column would be 460 nmol m−2 d−1, which is comparable to or significantly larger than benthic and riverine fluxes of the metal in estuarine and coastal environments. These results suggest that photolytic fluxes are a significant yet previously unrecognized source of bioactive Cu to natural waters.

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“…On long timescales, advection processes determine the final depositional pattern as a function of the sediment and water current variables (Ogston et al, 2000;Bever et al, 2009). Hydrodynamic processes driven by wind waves (Grifoll et al, 2013;Carlin et al, 2016), tides (Fan et al, 2004;Garel et al, 2009), winds (Sherwood et al, 1994;Hofmann et al, 2011), surface seiches (Jordi et al, 2008), or internal seiches (Shteinman et al, 1997) promote the resuspension, advection, and settling of fine sediment, conditioned by the continental sediment sources. Subsequent resuspension effects due to natural causes also contribute to the reworking and final deposition of the sediment load (Guillén et al, 2006;Grifoll et al, 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of bottom sediment resuspension events observed in a micro-tidal bay

et al. 2019

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Abstract. In this study we investigate the variability in near-bottom turbidity in Alfacs Bay (in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea). The bay is characterized by a micro-tidal environment and seiching activity that may lead to flow velocities of more than 50 cm s−1. A set of current meters and optical sensors were mounted near the sea bottom to acquire synchronous hydrodynamic and optical information from the water column. The time-series observations showed an evident relation between seiche activity and sediment resuspension events. The observations of turbidity peaks are consistent with the node–antinode location of the fundamental and first resonance periods of the bay. The implementation of a coupled wave–current numerical model shows strong spatial variability of the potential resuspension locations. Strong wind events are also a mechanism responsible for the resuspension of fine sediment within the bay. This is confirmed by suspended sediment concentration maps derived from Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. We suggest that the sequence of resuspension events plays an important role in the suspended sediment concentration, meaning that the occurrence of sediment resuspension events may increase the suspended sediment in subsequent events. The suspended sediment events likely affect the ecological status of the bay and the sedimentary process over a long-term period.

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Sediment resuspension by wind, waves, and currents during meteorological frontal passages in a micro-tidal lagoon

Cited by 37 publications

References 41 publications

Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling near Large River Deltas in the Laptev and East-Siberian Seas

Photodissolution of copper from resuspended coastal marine sediments

Characterization of bottom sediment resuspension events observed in a micro-tidal bay

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