The distribution, enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in the surficial sediments of Bidong Island, South China Sea East Coast of peninsular Malaysia were investigated. dry weight), respectively. All metals studied have relatively low Enrichment Factor (EF) values and index of geo-accumulation (I geo ) in the study area. Overall, the geochemistry of the sediment of Bidong Island was influenced by both natural and anthropogenic inputs to the catchment. However, direct comparison with earth crust values and normalization to Al indicated that natural processes were more dominant than anthropogenic inputs in concentrating metals.Key words: Enrichment, accumulation, enrichment factor, index of geoaccumulation, anthropogenic
INTRODUCTIONPollution by heavy metals in natural environments has become a global problem (Irabien and Velasco, 1999). It has been recognized for many years that the concentrations of metals found in coastal areas, whether they are in the dissolved or particulate phase may be derived from a variety of anthropogenic and natural sources (Burridge et al., 1999). Heavy metals are of considerable environmental concern due to their toxicity, wide range of sources, nonbiodegradable properties and accumulative behaviors. With the rapid industrialization and economic development in coastal regions, heavy metals are continuing to be introduced to estuarine and coastal environment through rivers, runoff and land-based point sources where metals are produced as a result of metal refinishing by-products. In most circumstances, the major part of the anthropogenic metal load in the sea and sea bed sediments and organisms has a terrestrial source from mining and intensive aquaculture and municipal wastewaters, untreated effluents, harbor activities, urban and agricultural runoff along major rivers and estuaries and bays (Dalman et al., 2006).When metals enter the marine environment, most of them will settle down and be incorporated into sediments together with organic matter, Fe/Mn oxides, sulfides and clay (Wang and Chen, 2000). Marine sediments act as scavengers for trace metals and often provide an excellent proof of