Sediment Transport under Ice Conditions

Hirshfield, Faye; Sui, Jueyi

doi:10.5772/16114

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The first type of case occurs when the river surface is completely frozen and water flows in a closed conduit. With the growth of the ice cover, the conduit becomes narrower; and the flow velocity, sediment transport, and erosion of the riverbed all increase (Hirshfield & Sui, ). Such conditions probably occurred at Sieradz during the winter of 1969, when a high average SSC, as well as the highest individual SSC value (612 g/m 3 ) measured in the whole study period, was recorded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What factors affect the suspended sediment concentrations in rivers? A study of the upper Warta River (Central Poland)

Skolasińska

Nowak

2017

River Research & Apps

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The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) of the Warta River was analysed using data collected at the Sieradz gauging station (Central Poland) during the period of 1961-1980. The aim of the study was to characterize the trend in the suspended sediment transported over this multi-annual period and search for possible correlations between the suspended sediment values and the discharge and thermal seasonality factors. This study also investigated whether the SSC is affected by anthropogenic factors. The SSC in the river water increased over the analysed 20-year period. It was caused mainly by the training works in the Warta valley upstream of Sieradz and the opening of the Bełchatów lignite mine. No direct relationship between the SSC and fluctuations in the discharge was noted. A connection existed between the SSC and ice phenomena on the river. The river ice breakup was often coincident with increases in SSC; however, the SSC increased rapidly during the freezing of the river. There was also a positive correlation between the SSC and the temperature of the water during the summer half-year, which resulted from the growth of phytoplankton. This process was supported by the general warming trend observed in the river water and by an increase in the quantity of nutrients noted since the early 1970s. It is worth emphasizing that the relationships established between the SSC and the studied factors are not always unequivocal and repetitive. It follows that, as a rule, the SSC is influenced by more factors than are actually considered in this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What factors affect the suspended sediment concentrations in rivers? A study of the upper Warta River (Central Poland)

Skolasińska

Nowak

2017

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“…In the case of an attached cover, the restraint on the cross-sectional area causes increased velocity and sediment transport capacity with any increase in flow (Zabilansky 1996;Hirshfield and Sui 2011). The presence of ice cover also tends to shift the velocity maximum closer to the bed, increasing erosion (Zabilansky et al 2006).…”

Section: Ice Hydraulic Scourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scour holes can cause an alternating cycle of scour and erosion beneath a hanging dam as the change in flow depth in the scour hole varies the ice transport capacity and as the hanging dam itself aggrades and degrades (Sui et al 2000). Thus, if the source of frazil is unlimited, the larger the hanging dam grows and the larger the scour depth (Hirshfield and Sui 2011). For a case of scour under a hanging dam studied extensively on a reach of the Yellow River in China, investigators were able to find a sitespecific relationship between cross-sectional scour area and the ratio of ice area in the hanging dam to water area beneath it (Sui et al 2006).…”

Section: Hanging Damsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is of particular concern because scour holes have been noted at sites of repeated ice jams in natural channels (Uunila and Church 2014) Significant scour and bed deformation, both erosion and deposition, are widely accepted as an effect of ice jams, with the ability to erode soft rocks and even create meander cutoffs within a single event (Boucher et al 2009;Ettema 2002;Turcotte et al 2011). The increase in velocity and shear stress caused by an ice jam can cause more erosion than scour caused under open-water flooding conditions (Hirshfield and Sui 2011). Initial estimates for maximum scour depth were similar to the ice-jam thickness (Mercer and Cooper 1977) but were found to exceed the ice thickness at Froude numbers greater than 1 (Wuebben 1988).…”

Section: Ice Jamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of modeling flow approaching navigation locks

Carr¹,

Dahl²

2017

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Ice in navigation channels and around structures can cause significant damage that requires expensive repairs. This damage can also trigger delays that have the potential to disrupt the entire navigation system, well beyond the reach of the stretches of water directly impacted by ice. One example is upstream of Melvin Price Lock and Dam where ice-induced scour was repaired at a cost in excess of $1,000,000 and the scour hole reappeared within a year of the repair. Therefore, this report outlines the risks to navigation and structures, including a review of the available literature.

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Sediment Transport under Ice Conditions

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

What factors affect the suspended sediment concentrations in rivers? A study of the upper Warta River (Central Poland)

What factors affect the suspended sediment concentrations in rivers? A study of the upper Warta River (Central Poland)

Validation of modeling flow approaching navigation locks

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