Sedimentary characteristics and model of gravity flows in the eocene Liushagang Formation in Weixi'nan depression, South China Sea

Zhao, Yanpu; Wang, Hua; Yan, Detian; Jiang, Ping; Chen, Si; Zhou, Jiaxiong; Ma, Jianghao; Qin, Chunyu; He, Jie; Zhao, Yanqiong

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107082

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…hyperpycnal flow; Mulder et al., 2003; Wilson & Schieber, 2017). Sometimes there is an intrasequence erosional contact between UCI and UFI (Yang et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2020), which may form during flood peaks (Soyinka & Slatt, 2008; Lamb & Mohrig, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A giant lacustrine flood‐related turbidite system in the Triassic Ordos Basin, China: Sedimentary processes and depositional architecture

Chen

Xian

et al. 2021

Sedimentology

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Turbidites have been regarded as an important sedimentary infilling component in both oceans and lakes, but limited studies have been performed on the mechanisms governing the initiation and development of lacustrine turbidite systems. The present study offers unique insight into the controls and potential extent of ancient lacustrine turbidite systems by an investigation of the Triassic Ordos Lake, where a large turbidite system had been traced across >25 653 km 2 . This article shows by comparison that the Triassic Ordos Lake turbidite system is larger than all known modern and ancient lacustrine counterparts. The exceptionally large intracontinental sag basin provided a relatively unconfined environment for the development of the turbidite system, explaining its vast extent. Extraordinary flood events formed during the Carnian Pluvial Episode facilitated continuous sediment supply into the turbidite system, supporting its accumulation. Lacustrine flood-related turbidity currents travelled as sediment-laden turbulent flows, showing an increase in the proportion of suspended-load deposits and a decrease in the proportion of bed-load deposits downstream from the river mouth. Five architectural elements have been revealed, reflecting a distinctive assemblage of erosional bedforms and depositional bedforms in channel-lobe systems, and their recognition criteria were established. This study changes the traditional understanding of lacustrine turbidite systems, generally interpreted as having smaller sizes, and demonstrates likewise in the lacustrine realm, that extreme flood events can generate a world-class deep-water turbidite system, which can even be comparable with its submarine counterparts. This study also confirms that the combination of lowgradient slopes and a long-lived, mixed-load, prograding fluvial feeder system can produce exceptionally large-scale deep-lake flood-related turbidites. Furthermore, it has implications for the prediction of facies and reservoir quality in ancient lacustrine turbidite systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A giant lacustrine flood‐related turbidite system in the Triassic Ordos Basin, China: Sedimentary processes and depositional architecture

Chen

Xian

et al. 2021

Sedimentology

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“…Subaqueous debris flows of the Nahal Darga commonly transition into turbidity currents at the terminus of lobes, which then appear to disperse downdip of the delta front. Lagging debris flows commonly dewater, these waters mix with the ambient basin water, and together form high‐density turbidity currents near the terminus of debris lobes that then accelerate down steep frontal slopes (Hampton, 1972; Fisher, 1983; Shanmugam, 1996; Sohn et al ., 2002; Mohrig & Marr, 2003; Felix & Peakall, 2006; Lowe & Guy, 2006; Sumner et al ., 2009; Kane & Ponten, 2012; Talling et al ., 2012; Talling, 2013; Zhao et al ., 2020). Deep basin turbidites are indeed reported in limited boreholes towards the Dead Sea basin centre (e.g.…”

Section: Depositional Model For the Nahal Darga Fan Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Century‐scale sequences and density‐flow deltas of the late Holocene and modern Dead Sea coast, Israel

et al. 2023

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Late Holocene Dead Sea rift‐margin strata reveal century‐scale sequences. Sequences are known to form at millennial timescales, but whether they can form at scales as short as centuries (seventh‐order, sensu Vail et al., 1991) was previously unconfirmed. This study maps lithofacies and sequence‐stratigraphic surfaces from a ca 35 m high outcrop of the post‐1500 ad part of the Holocene falling‐stage wedge, and adjacent subaerial environments, along the Nahal Darga of the western Dead Sea coast, using drone images. The study also produces the first maps of subaqueous delta environments from remotely operated vehicle photographs. Comparison of outcrop and remotely operated vehicle data show that delta foresets form by debris‐flow lobes accreting onto the delta face. Debris lobes increase in size with depth, have sorted cobble heads, and stack compensationally. Debris lobes dewater to form mostly erosive turbidity currents that cut channels and obstacle scours down slope. Topsets comprising fluvial, beach‐ridge and lagoonal deposits prograde over these foresets. Surfaces separating foreset and topset elements of this Gilbert‐delta system bind systems tracts and record downstep and upstep of the shoreface associated with base‐level rises and falls. These surfaces match known lake‐level changes in the Dead Sea in magnitude, timing and direction. They confirm Medieval (ca 600 to 1300 ad) and Modern (ca 1300 ad to Modern) century‐scale sequences. These microsequences form in the Dead Sea because this climate‐sensitive lake can generate metres‐scale lake‐level cycles on century timescales, and because depositional systems can, as shown here, reestablish sufficiently rapidly (≤101 years) to record century‐scale cycles with complete systems tracts. Although conditions for generating microsequences are optimal in the Dead Sea, they are not unique. These microsequences pose a challenge to sequence stratigraphy because they typically fall below seismic resolution, may geometrically resemble higher‐order composite sequences and complicate defining of anchor sequences within a sequence hierarchy.

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“…Gravity flow is a focus of current sedimentology research. With the deepening of research, a large number of studies have been carried out on the formation mechanisms of gravity flow, types of gravity flow, sedimentary structures and other issues (Chen, Fu, et al, 2021b; Chen, Lin, et al, 2021a; Chen, Qiu, & Liu, 2021c; Hou et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2016; Liu, Chen, Wang, et al, 2019b; Liu, Chen, Wen, et al, 2019c; Liu, Xian, Ji, et al, 2019a; Yang et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2020). The Ordos Basin is one of the oldest continental depression basins where original gravity flow, reservoir oil and gas research has been carried out in China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development characteristics of deepwater gravity flows and tight sandstone reservoir characteristics in Chang 6 in the Huaqing area, Ordos Basin, China

et al. 2022

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The tight sandstone reservoirs have become the focus of today's oil and gas exploration. To clarify the microscopic characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoirs of the Chang 63 deep water gravity flow origin in the Huaqing area, the Chang 63 gravity flow origin reservoirs in the study area are divided into three categories. They are the formation reservoir of sandy clastic flow (FROSF), formation reservoir of muddy debris flow deposits and turbidites (FROMT) and formation reservoir of slides and slumps (FROSS). In this study, core and logging data, thin sections, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), and mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) were combined to investigate the rock composition and pore‐throat characteristics of tight sandstone reservoirs with different types of gravity flow origins. The reservoir micro‐heterogeneity is also investigated in this paper. The results show that the reservoirs with different gravity flow origins are similar in lithology and are mainly composed of feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic feldspar sandstone. The pore types are mainly intergranular pores and feldspar‐dissolved pores. There are significant differences in the porosity, permeability, microscopic pore‐throat characteristics and microscopic heterogeneity of the reservoirs. From FROSF to FROMT and FROSS, the porosity, permeability, mercury inlet saturation, discharge pressure, median pressure and mercury removal efficiency gradually decrease. The tightness of the reservoir gradually increases. The storage capacity is gradually reduced. The disparity between the throat radius and pore radius gradually increases. The pore‐throat structure becomes more complex, and the microscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir gradually increases.

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Sedimentary characteristics and model of gravity flows in the eocene Liushagang Formation in Weixi'nan depression, South China Sea

Cited by 23 publications

References 68 publications

A giant lacustrine flood‐related turbidite system in the Triassic Ordos Basin, China: Sedimentary processes and depositional architecture

A giant lacustrine flood‐related turbidite system in the Triassic Ordos Basin, China: Sedimentary processes and depositional architecture

Century‐scale sequences and density‐flow deltas of the late Holocene and modern Dead Sea coast, Israel

Development characteristics of deepwater gravity flows and tight sandstone reservoir characteristics in Chang 6 in the Huaqing area, Ordos Basin, China

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