Sedimentary evolution and persistence of open forests between the south-eastern Alpine fringe and the Northern Dinarides during the Last Glacial Maximum

Monegato, Giovanni; Ravazzi, Cesare; Culiberg, Metka; Pini, Roberta; Bavec, Miloš; Calderoni, Gilberto; Jež, Jernej; Perego, Renata

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.025

Cited by 34 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Such decoupling can occur through temporal or spatial separation between inputs of water to the landscape and the availability of that water to plants. Similar moist microenvironments, such as floodplains, pole-facing slopes, and moist microsites (Svenning et al, 2008), including those generated by varying groundwater regimes (Monegato et al, 2015), are implicated in the persistence of mesic species and woody vegetation during sustained dry periodsfor instance in Europe during the Late Pleniglacial and Last Glacial Maximum (Magyari et al, 2014). The decoupling of water availability in mesic microenvironments from regional climatic characteristics raises the possibility that these microenvironments may also be buffered from changes in regional precipitation and temperaturecreating the potential for persistence of wet microsites even in the face of regional climatic warming and/or drying (IPCC, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decoupling of water availability in mesic microenvironments from regional climatic characteristics raises the possibility that these microenvironments may also be buffered from changes in regional precipitation and temperaturecreating the potential for persistence of wet microsites even in the face of regional climatic warming and/or drying (IPCC, 2014). Similar moist microenvironments, such as floodplains, pole-facing slopes, and moist microsites (Svenning et al, 2008), including those generated by varying groundwater regimes (Monegato et al, 2015), are implicated in the persistence of mesic species and woody vegetation during sustained dry periodsfor instance in Europe during the Late Pleniglacial and Last Glacial Maximum (Magyari et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrologic refugia, plants, and climate change

McLaughlin

Ackerly

Klos

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

301

286

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Climate, physical landscapes, and biota interact to generate heterogeneous hydrologic conditions in space and over time, which are reflected in spatial patterns of species distributions. As these species distributions respond to rapid climate change, microrefugia may support local species persistence in the face of deteriorating climatic suitability. Recent focus on temperature as a determinant of microrefugia insufficiently accounts for the importance of hydrologic processes and changing water availability with changing climate. Where water scarcity is a major limitation now or under future climates, hydrologic microrefugia are likely to prove essential for species persistence, particularly for sessile species and plants. Zones of high relative water availability - mesic microenvironments - are generated by a wide array of hydrologic processes, and may be loosely coupled to climatic processes and therefore buffered from climate change. Here, we review the mechanisms that generate mesic microenvironments and their likely robustness in the face of climate change. We argue that mesic microenvironments will act as species-specific refugia only if the nature and space/time variability in water availability are compatible with the ecological requirements of a target species. We illustrate this argument with case studies drawn from California oak woodland ecosystems. We posit that identification of hydrologic refugia could form a cornerstone of climate-cognizant conservation strategies, but that this would require improved understanding of climate change effects on key hydrologic processes, including frequently cryptic processes such as groundwater flow.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic refugia, plants, and climate change

McLaughlin

Ackerly

Klos

et al. 2017

Global Change Biology

301

286

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“…1400–1700 m are in much better agreement with both theoretical (models) and empirical evidence (pollen, plant macrofossils), which suggest LGM TLA depressions south of the Alps > 2000 m (Tinner & Vescovi, ; Marta et al ., ), resulting in realistic TLA reconstructions (e.g. of L. decidua ) below 500 m asl (Kaltenrieder et al ., ; Monegato et al ., ), that is > 1500 m below Lake Miroir. Taken together, the available evidence suggests that even if Lake Miroir was located on a nunatak at the margin of valley glaciers, it was most likely permanently covered by snow or ice, thus unsuited for tree growth, and far above the treeline.…”

Section: Comment On Carcaillet and Blarquez () ‘Fire Ecology Of A Tree mentioning

confidence: 80%

Fire on ice and frozen trees? Inappropriate radiocarbon dating leads to unrealistic reconstructions

et al. 2018

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Fire on ice and frozen trees? Inappropriate radiocarbon dating leads to unrealistic reconstructions Comment on Carcaillet & Blarquez (2017) 'Fire ecology of a tree glacial refugium on a nunatak with a view on Alpine glaciers'.The questions as to where and how trees survived the Quaternary ice ages are key for understanding climate-driven range expansion processes (Clark, 1998;Giesecke et al., 2017) and the influence of ice-age legacies on current mid-and high-latitude biodiversity patterns (Willis & Whittaker, 2000). Such questions have long intrigued plant ecologists, biogeographers and palaeoecologists (Bennett et al., 1991;Kaltenrieder et al., 2009) and have recently become the focus of combined molecular-ecological and biogeographical studies (Magri et al., 2006;Wagner et al., 2015).The classic southern-refugia paradigm (van der Hammen et al., 1971;Tzedakis et al., 2013) postulates treeless landscapes in central Europe and at the margins of the continental and Alpine ice-sheets for the time of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; c. 23 000-19 000 calendar years before present (cal yr BP, where 0 cal yr BP = AD 1950), that is, the interval representing the most extreme conditions of the Last Glacial). Widespread cold-adapted alpine and arctic plants and boreal dwarf shrubs are documented to have occurred north of the Alps (Birks & Willis, 2008;Tzedakis et al., 2013), while small populations of temperate and boreal trees persisted in southern European peninsulas (Iberia, Italy, and the Balkans) (Bennett et al., 1991). Boreal and mountain conifers (e.g. Larix decidua Mill. and Pinus cembra L.) occurred at more northerly locations (up to c. 46°N) in eastern Europe, and grew closer to the southern margin of the Alpine and Carpathian ice-caps than temperate trees Vescovi et al., 2007;Kune s et al., 2008). This view has been challenged by the alternative interpretation that temperate plant species could have survived the LGM further north in locally favourable conditions as small populations that may be hard to detect with palaeoecological tools (e.g. Stewart & Lister, 2001;Heikkil€ a et al., 2009;V€ aliranta et al., 2011). Recently, Carcaillet & Blarquez (2017 presented evidence for the occurrence of an LGM 'tree refugium' located at c. 2200 m above sea level (asl) on a nunatak (a mountain top or peak emerging from or at the edge of an ice sheet or glacier) on the western flank of the European Alps. The reported presence of L. decidua and P. cembra plant macrofossils during the LGM in sediments from Lake Miroir, a site located close to modern treeline altitude (TLA), challenges the consensus on the LGM distributions of trees in

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“…No datings are available for the precise timeframe determination of the first phase, but according to glacigenic deposits from the first and second glacial advance, that show no clear distinction in weathering, the first phase likely represents an early advance of the Last Glacial Maximum. The lack of organic carbon findings in the distal outwash deposits suggests a continuous waterlogging of sediments that prevented the development of vegetation, despite the relative abundance of water that locally promoted the preservation of forestall environment in the northern Dinarides (Monegato et al, 2015). Deposits related to older glaciations were not detected and are not reported so far.…”

Section: Fig 10 Two Reconstructed Glacial Phases In Gomance: (A) a mentioning

confidence: 82%

Evolution of a karst polje influenced by glaciation: The Gomance piedmont polje (northern Dinaric Alps)

Žebre

Stepišnik

Colucci³

et al. 2016

Geomorphology

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Gomance is a piedmont karst polje in the northern Dinaric Alps presenting geomorphological and sedimentological evidence of past glaciation. During the Pleistocene the polje was situated at the edge of the Snežnik and Gorski Kotar ice fields from where two outlet glaciers reached Gomance. The morphogenesis of the polje was reconstructed by means of geomorphological mapping, sedimentological studies, and ground penetrating radar (GPR) measurements, supported by hand-drillings. With GPR an almost entirely buried moraine system was also imaged and mapped, crucial in reconstructing the polje history. The depression was karstified and well drained without any surface streams before the Last Glaciation. When the glacier front reached the depression, the entire floor became covered by glacial and outwash deposits.Surface runoff dominated over karst drainage in a large part of the polje, particularly where distal outwash deposits with low effective porosity functioned as an aquitard. These deposits diverted surface drainage toward the lowest edge of the polje, which functioned as a ponor front along the entire length. The outwash system of the Gomance polje was active during the Last Glaciation as suggested by radiocarbon-dated outwash deposits.

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Sedimentary evolution and persistence of open forests between the south-eastern Alpine fringe and the Northern Dinarides during the Last Glacial Maximum

Cited by 34 publications

References 68 publications

Hydrologic refugia, plants, and climate change

Hydrologic refugia, plants, and climate change

Fire on ice and frozen trees? Inappropriate radiocarbon dating leads to unrealistic reconstructions

Evolution of a karst polje influenced by glaciation: The Gomance piedmont polje (northern Dinaric Alps)

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