Sedimentary evolution of a Permo-Carboniferous succession in southern Bolivia: Responses to icehouse-greenhouse transition from a probabilistic assessment of paleolatitudes

On Pole Position: Causes of Dispersion of the Paleomagnetic Poles Behind Apparent Polar Wander Paths

“…To overcome this problem, we may parametrically resample VGPs from the paleopoles given the published statistical properties of these poles. Similar approaches of parametrically resampling paleopoles or VGPs have been frequently used for paleomagnetic data analyses and simulations (e.g., Cromwell et al., 2018; Gallo et al., 2021; Koymans et al., 2016; Rowley, 2019; Smirnov & Tarduno, 2010; Swanson‐Hysell et al., 2014; Tauxe et al., 1991). To evaluate whether this approach is appropriate here, we reproduce the PSV10 data set by parametrically resampling VGPs from the “study mean” poles and their statistical parameters (referred to as a “parametric bootstrap,” following Tauxe et al., 2010).…”

“…To overcome this problem, they proposed a method for calculating APWPs in which individual paleopoles are weighted according to for example, the number of underlying VGPs and the age range of the sampled rocks. Over the years, different weighting schemes have been proposed, in which individual paleopoles are weighted either quantitatively or against a set of qualitative criteria (e.g., Gallo et al, 2021;Hansma & Tohver, 2020;Harrison & Lindh, 1982;Le Goff et al, 1992;McFadden & McElhinny, 1995;Musgrave, 1989;Schettino & Scotese, 2005;Swanson-Hysell et al, 2019;Thompson & Clark, 1981;Torsvik et al, 1996Torsvik et al, , 2008Torsvik et al, , 2012Torsvik et al, , 1992Wu et al, 2021). Some authors calculated the reference poles of single-continent APWPs by averaging VGPs rather than paleopoles (Hansma & Tohver, 2020;McElhinny et al, 1974;McElhinny & McFadden, 2000;van Hinsbergen et al, 2017), thereby assigning larger weight to larger data sets of independent measurements of the past geomagnetic field.…”

A global apparent polar wander path for the last 320 Ma calculated from site-level paleomagnetic data

“…It is important to note that there have been many previous efforts to propagate or weight uncertainties in the computation of apparent polar wander, for instance using a weighted running mean or spherical spline (e.g., Thompson and Clark, 1981;Harrison and Lindh, 1982;Torsvik et al, 1996;Schettino and Scotese, 2005;Swanson-Hysell et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2021;Gallo et al, 2021;Rose et al, 2022). However, the majority of the APWPs computed in these studies were still derived from paleopole-level data, and these weighting methods did not account for the subjectivity in the choice of the number of data underpinning each paleopole.…”

“…Quantifying the age uncertainty by a uniform distribution is intuitive for sediment-derived datasets, whose age uncertainty range is often determined by bio-and/or magnetostratigraphy, and a uniform distribution may straightforwardly be defined by the upper and lower age limit of the geological time period or interpreted magnetozones. The age of igneous rocks, on the other hand, is often based on radiometric dating, for which the uncertainty on individual age determinations is often reported as one or two standard deviation(s), and a Gaussian distribution could thus be used to quantify the uncertainty in age (see e.g., Swanson-Hysell et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2021, Gallo et al, 2021Rose et al, 2022). However, because the age of sampled igneous rocks is typically determined by multiple radiometric ages, either from multiple dated samples or determined for the regional magmatic activity (e.g., for a large igneous province (LIP)), it is difficult to use a Gaussian distribution for the age uncertainty for all igneous datasets.…”

On pole position: causes of dispersion of the paleomagnetic poles behind apparent polar wander paths

“…To overcome this problem, we may parametrically resample VGPs from the paleopoles given the published statistical properties of these poles. Similar approaches of parametrically resampling paleopoles or VGPs have been frequently used for paleomagnetic data analyses and simulations (e.g., Cromwell et al, 2018;Gallo et al, 2021;Koymans et al, 2016;Rowley, 2019;Smirnov & Tarduno, 2010;Swanson-Hysell et al, 2014;Tauxe et al, 1991). To evaluate whether this approach is appropriate here, we reproduce the PSV10 data set by parametrically resampling VGPs from the "study mean" poles and their statistical parameters (referred to as a "parametric bootstrap," following Tauxe et al, 2010).…”